{"title":"AEM membrane","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"piperion®-anion-exchange-membrane-15-microns-mechanically-reinforced","title":"PiperION® Anion Exchange Membrane, 15 microns, Mechanically Reinforced","description":"\u003cp\u003eAn alternative product development is in progress for this membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eVersogen's 15 micrometers thick mechanically reinforced anion exchange membrane sheets are currently offered in 7x7cm, and 14x14cm, 28x28cm, 28x50cm, and 28x100cm sizes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION® mechanically reinforced AEMs are manufactured from the functionalized poly(aryl piperidinium) resin material and microporous ePTFE reinforcement in order to yield anAEM with excellent mechanical durability and reduced overall swelling or minimal physical dimension change.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMechanically reinforced membranes can sometimes be called as composite membranes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn terms of mechanical robustness, mechanically reinforced PiperION® AEMs would provide higher performance compared to self-supporting PiperION® AEM counterparts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn terms of ionic conductivity, since part of the mechanical reinforced membranes are composed of inert ePTFE, their ionic conductivities would be slightly lower than the self-supporting PiperION® membranes of the same thickness.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ionically conductive part of the mechanically reinforced PiperION® AEMs are manufactured from the functionalized poly(aryl piperidinium) polymer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe general chemical structure of the poly(aryl piperidinium) resin material is provided below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBenefits of Mechanically Reinforced PiperION® AEMs: -ePTFE based mechanical reinforcement provides excellent mechanical strength -Low swelling and reduced physical dimension change -Excellent chemical stability in caustic and acidic environments (pH range of 1-14) -Ultra-thin membranes with superb performance for various alkaline fuel cell, alkaline electrolyzer, direct ammonia fuel cells, and other relevant electrochemical technologies Pre-treatment Protocol: PiperION® membranes are shipped in the non-hydroxide form ( more specifically in the bicarbonate form) and the proper pretreatment protocol needs to be followed in order to convert it to the desired anionic form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell or hydroxide exchange electrolysis applications or any other application that requires the hydroxide ion transfer across the membrane, the membrane should be converted from bicarbonate form into OH- form for optimal conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo convert the membrane to OH- form, place the membrane in an aqueous solution of 0.5 M NaOH or KOH for 1 h at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter 1 h, replace the solution with fresh 0.5 M NaOH or KOH and allow the membrane to soak for 1 h at room temperature again.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the two soaks, rinse the membrane with DI water (pH ~ 7).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMinimize exposure to ambient air, as the CO2 can exchange back into the membrane causing the membrane to convert back to bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe reaction between CO2 and hydroxide ions is purely chemical and it will readily happen if the OH- form of the membrane is exposed to an environment that has CO2 (such as ambient air, etc.).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis conversion can be completely eliminated by simply doing the conversion and testing in a CO2-free drybox environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor electrochemical reduction of CO2 or CO or in CO2 electrolysis applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PiperION® membrane is shipped in the bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are working with bicarbonate electrolytes in your setup, then there is no need to pretreat the membrane and it can be used in the as received form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are working with carbonate electrolytes, then the PiperION® membrane needs to be converted to carbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to achieve this, simply submerge the membrane in an aqueous solution of 0.1 - 0.5 M sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate for 12 h at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter then, replace the solution with fresh 0.1 - 0.5 M sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate and allow the membrane to soak for 12 h at room temperature again.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the two-three soaks, rinse the membrane with DI water (pH ~ 7).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of bicarbonate or carbonate electrolytes, if you are using KOH or NaOH type pure alkaline electrolytes in your CO2 reduction experiments, then you can simply follow the \"For standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications\" protocol for converting the membrane to OH- form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to the assembly of the membrane into the electrochemical device or setup, the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 0.1 to 0.5 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 12-24 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOr if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions across the membrane, then PiperION® AEM needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA neutral salt solution of 0.1 to 0.5M Na2SO4 or K2SO4 would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 12-24 hours at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is always suggested to repeat the submersion process for 2-3 times in order to achieve close to 100% conversion and then rinse it with copious amount of deionized water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientific Literature for Various Use of Versogen Membranes and Dispersion Products: The article by Wang et al. entitled \"Poly(aryl piperidinium) membranes and ionomers for hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the polymer chemistry and fuel cell operation of PiperION® membranes with hydrogen and CO2-free air reactants at a temperature of 95 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis article also investigates the ionic conductivity, chemical stability, mechanical robustness, gas separation, and selective solubility aspects of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Wang et al. entitled \"High-Performance Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells THrough Optimization of Relative Humidity, Backpressure, and Catalyst Selection\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the polymer chemistry and fuel cell operation of PiperION® membranes under different operational parameters in order to eliminate the anode flooding and cathode drying out issues in order to achieve a blanced water management.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith further optimization on the catalyst, a peak power density of 1.89 W\/cm2 in H2\/O2 and 1.31 W\/cm2 in H2\/Air have been achieved.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Luo et al. entitled \"Structure-Transport Relationships of Poly(aryl piperidinium) Anion-Exchange Membranes: Effect of Anions and Hydration\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the transfer of different anions across AEMs that are manufactured from poly(aryl piperidinium) resin. ostructure, hydration or water uptake as a function of the counter anion, phase-separation in regars of its polymer morphology, anion conductivity as a function of water content (vapor or liquid) and anion radius are some of the other aspects that have been discussed in this publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Zhao et al. entitled \"An Efficient Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell for Affordable Carbon-Neutral Transportation\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes economics of hydrogen, methanol, and ammonia as fuel for transportation applications, performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for direct ammonia fuel cell at 80 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Archrai et al. entitled \"A Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell with a KOH-Free Anode Feed Generating 180 mW cm-2 at 120 °C\" investigates the electrochemical performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for direct ammonia fuel cell at 120 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Endrodi et al. entitled \"High carbonate ion conductance of a robust PiperION membrane allows industrial current density and conversion in a zero-gap carbon dioxide electrolyzer cell\" investigates the electrochemical performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for electrochemical reduction of CO2 or carbon dioxide electrolyzer applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis study demonstrated that partial current densities of greater than 1 A\/cm2 can be achieved while maintaining high conversion (25-40%), selectivity (up to 90%), and low cell voltage (2.6-3.4 V).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eElectrochemical performance of anion exchange membranes would usually depend on the design of the electrochemical testing hardware, operational parameters, membrane thickness, catalyst loading and type, gas diffusion layer thickness and type, the way the MEA\/CCM manufactured and assembled, etc.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFuel Cell Store does not provide any warranties or guarantees for the performances obtained by other researchers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Larger Format and Bulk Pricing: PiperION® membranes are also manufactured in larger formats that what is listed here.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Versogen directly here if you need a larger dimension membrane and bulk pricing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that a current lead time of 2 - 4 weeks is to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54022765117766,"sku":"7417","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/piperion-a15r-hco3-500x500.jpg?v=1749655717"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fapq375pp","title":"Fumasep FAPQ-375-PP","description":"This product has been discontinued.\n\nThis web page is only active for previous customers who need access to the specifications.\n\nFumasep FAPQ-375-PP is a Fluorinated PP Reinforced Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) with low resistance, high blocking capability of vanadium ions and high stability in acidic environment.\n\nThe membrane is the transcluent to white colored component inside the sealed bag.\n\nThe membrane is ready for use.\n\nOperation range: Acidic environment pH \u0026lt; 4.\n\nThe material is not stable in caustic environment (pH \u0026gt; 11).\n\nImportant remark: the membrane can be operated also at pH 6-8 as it features anion-exchange conductivity also in neutral environment.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAPQ-375-PP \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Redox-Flow Battery (e.g.\n\nVanadium Redox Flow Battery), using aqueous acidic conditions \n• Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) \n• Thickness: 68 - 82 micrometers (2.67 - 3.22 mil) Fumasep FAPQ-375-PP \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n \n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane does not need any pretreatment and is ready for use.\n\nPlease assemble the membrane in dry state.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nLong Term \n\nStorage:\n The membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time.\n\nHowever, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631619494214,"sku":"5041649","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_06f9c56a-2e27-485f-8353-31433002fef8.jpg?v=1749807817"},{"product_id":"fumasep-faam15","title":"Fumasep FAAM-15","description":"This product has been discontinued and we are completely out of stock.\n\nFumasep FAAM-15 is a non-reinforced microporous separator (also known as separator or diaphragm) with a thickness of 15 µm and high stability in caustic environments and can be used for conventional alkaline electrolyzers that uses caustic solutions.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin and there is no functional groups in this product for the transfer of the hydroxyl ions.\n\nA microporous separator is a completely different product than an anion exchange membrane for its working principle.\n\nFor the electrochemical operation of an alkaline electrolyzer with a microporous separator, it is required to use highly caustic electrolyte (6M to 12M, where M stands for Molar, a unit of concentration) and have this electrolyte continuously circulated at the anode\/cathode compartments.\n\nDue to excellent wetting behavior of the highly concentrated alkaline electrolytes, they will be naturally wicked into the micropores of the microporous separator and completely saturating the membrane and then establish an ionic bridge to the opposite side of the membrane as a result of this wicking.\n\nIn that regard, the higher ionic conductivity of the electrolyte would determine the ionic conductivity of the microporous separator.\n\nAnion exchange membranes, on the other hand, do not require the usage of liquid alkaline electrolytes for their operation because there are functional groups that are established on the polymer backbone where hydroxyl ions are transferred with the help of these functional groups across the anion exchange membrane itself.\n\nMicroporous separators do not have any functional groups such as quaternary ammonium cations and they are completely inert for the aspect of ionic conductivity.\n\nIt is the electrolyte that wicks into the microporous separator that enables the hydroxyl ion transfer.\n\nThe main function of the microporous separator for a conventional alkaline electrolyzer is to act as a physical separator component and prevent the generated by-product mixing during the operation of the alkaline electrolyzer cell.\n\nWhile commercial anion exchange membranes can only tolerate to 1M type alkaline electrolytes, microporous separator products can tolerate up to 12M type concentrations.\n\nMost anion exchange membranes can only handle low temperatures (up to 55-60 deg Celsius), microporous separator product can be used in the temperature range of room temperature to 100 deg Celsius.\n\nThis microporous separator is not suitable for pure water electrolysis applications and it will always require the addition of NaOH or KOH powder into the deionized water or distilled water.\n\nDo not use any other water sources such as tap-water or reverse osmosis water when preparing the alkaline electrolyte for this microporous separator.\n\nFumasep FAAM-15 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAAM-15 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Alkaline Electrolysis using liquid aqueous KOH \n• Operation Range: 6 - 12 M KOH, Temperature RT - 100 ºC \n• Thickness (dry): 13 - 17 micrometers (0.51 - 0.67 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAAM-15 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the thin brown foil, delivered on a backing foil (colourless rigid PET foil).\n\nPull off carefully the membrane (brown) from the backing foil.\n\nThe membrane is delivered in dry form.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n No specific pretreatment required.\n\nThe membrane is self-activating in the cell after contact with aqueous caustic electrolyte (e.g. 6 - 9 M aqueous KOH solution) within several hours.\n\nDepending on cell design, activation may also be done before assembling: Put the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes (in order to avoid curling) in aqueous KOH solution (concentration according to application) for at least 24 hrs at room temperature.\n\nUse closed container to avoid CO2 contamination (carbonate formation that may affect conductivity).\n\nMembranes must be covered by KOH solution.\n\nMembranes will expand when subject to swelling process.\n\nThe hydration level can be controlled by KOH concentration and temperature, e.g. 9 M KOH solution at room temperature leads to approx. 50 – 70 wt% hydration level.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631621460294,"sku":"5041670","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_979060f2-bec2-4404-879c-a488fc497844.jpg?v=1749807816"},{"product_id":"fumasep-faa320","title":"Fumasep FAA-3-20","description":"Please note that this material has been discontinued and is completely out of stock.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-20 is a non-reinforced Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) with very low resistance, high selectivity and high stability in pH acidic and basic environment.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-20 membrane comes in a 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nThe membrane is delivered in dry form and is the thin brown foil.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-20 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Alkaline fuel cells without KOH or at low KOH concentration.\n\nThis membrane can also be used for other electrochemical applications that require the transfer of anions such as Cl-, Br-, sulfate, and etc. \n• Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) \n• Stability Range for pH: 1 - 14 \n• Thickness: 18 - 22 micrometers (0.709 - 0.866 mil) \n• Size: 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAA-3-20 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n \n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nUnpack membrane only for direct use and process immediately after opening.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces which may get into contact with the membrane during inspection, storage, pretreatment and mounting must be free of sharp edges or angles.\n\n\n\nStorage:\n Dry form: Storage for long time scale (\u0026gt; 12 month) may be done in dry state (sealed container).\n\nWet form: Storage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 – 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.\n\nFor storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (3) to avoid biological fouling.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form.\n\nDepending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form.\n\nBefore assembling in wet form put the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers (in order to avoid curling) in NaCl solution - e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at T = 25 °C for 72 hrs exchanging the solution several times.\n\nDo not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\n\nFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications , the membrane should be converted into OH-form by treating it with 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH solution: Put the membrane sample in an aqueous solution of 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH for at least 24 h at 20°C – 30°C.\n\nAfter rinsing with demineralised water (pH ~ 7) the membrane is ready to use.\n\nUse closed container to avoid CO2 contamination (carbonate formation that may affect conductivity).\n\nThe membrane in OH-form must be stored under wet \/ humidified and CO2-free conditions, avoid drying out of the membrane in OH-form.\n\nLong-term storage in dry conditions should be preferably done in carbonate, Cl- or Br-form.\n\nFor electrochemical CO2 reduction applications , the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).\n\nFully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.\n\nAfter rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO2 reduction experiments.\n\nWhile the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.\n\nInitial conversion to OH- form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes.\n\nFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications , the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.\n\nFor example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.\n\nIn order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 1-2 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 24-72 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.\n\nOr if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.\n\nA neutral salt solution of Na2SO4 or K2SO4 would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 24-72 hours at room temperature.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631621558598,"sku":"5041688","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_daaa6a89-399b-4bcd-b569-9c9d92316367.jpg?v=1749807815"},{"product_id":"sustainion-x3750-grade-rt","title":"Sustainion® X37-50 Grade RT","description":"\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-50 Grade RT is an anion exchange membrane with a dry thickness of 50 microns and is designed for use with a supporting electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt has been optimized for use in alkaline water electrolyzers and CO2 electrolyzers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane will be shipped with an ethylene glycol plasticizer to prevent cracking.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe plasticizer is designed to wash out during activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that this membrane is currently only available in 22 cm x 28 cm sheets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnion Conductivity of Sustainion X37 in Different Electrolytes Anion conductivity of Sustainion X37 membrane for hydroxide ions, carbonate ions, and chloride ions are provided in the graph below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePretreatment Information: First time use: The membrane is shipped with a liner film adhered to one side of the membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the initial activation, the liner film will come off after the submersion of membrane\/liner in the alkaline soaking bath.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSince the liner is an inert plastic, it should not be used in the electrochemical cell and disposed of.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor electrochemical CO2 reduction applications , the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO2 reduction experiments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eInitial conversion to OH- form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes. 6-8 week lead time is to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-50 Grade RT - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ***Buyer represents and warrants that all uses of Product will be for Buyer's own use, which means, in particular, that Buyer will not sell, distribute, or transfer Product, whether directly or indirectly, to any class of trade (each a Product Diversion ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny Product Diversion shall be considered a material breach of this Purchase Contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Products contain chemical substances not on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA ) inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSamples may be hazardous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBuyer represents and warrants that it will only use the samples for research and development purposes under the supervision of a technically qualified individual.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sustainion®","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631622672710,"sku":"27010001","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sustainion-membrane-picture-228x228.jpg?v=1749807814"},{"product_id":"sustainion-x3750-grade-60","title":"Sustainion® X37-50 Grade 60","description":"\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-50 Grade 60 is an anion exchange membrane with a dry thickness of 50 microns and is designed for use with a supporting electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt has been optimized for use in alkaline water electrolyzers and CO2 electrolyzers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is a specialized membrane with very low concentrations of ethylene glycol plasticizer.The lack of plasticizer makes these membranes more brittle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that this membrane is currently only available in 23 cm x 28 cm sheets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnion Conductivity of Sustainion X37 in Different Electrolytes Anion conductivity of Sustainion X37 membrane for hydroxide ions, carbonate ions, and chloride ions are provided in the graph below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePretreatment Information: First time use: The membrane is shipped with a liner film adhered to one side of the membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the initial activation, the liner film will come off after the submersion of membrane\/liner in the alkaline soaking bath.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSince the liner is an inert plastic, it should not be used in the electrochemical cell and disposed of.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor electrochemical CO2 reduction applications , the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO2 reduction experiments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eInitial conversion to OH- form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes. 6-8 week lead time is to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-50 Grade 60 - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ***Buyer represents and warrants that all uses of Product will be for Buyer's own use, which means, in particular, that Buyer will not sell, distribute, or transfer Product, whether directly or indirectly, to any class of trade (each a Product Diversion ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny Product Diversion shall be considered a material breach of this Purchase Contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Products contain chemical substances not on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA ) inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSamples may be hazardous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBuyer represents and warrants that it will only use the samples for research and development purposes under the supervision of a technically qualified individual.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sustainion®","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631622705478,"sku":"27010002","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sustainion-membrane-picture-228x228.jpg?v=1749807814"},{"product_id":"sustainion-x3750-grade-t","title":"Sustainion® X37-50 Grade T","description":"\u003cp\u003e6-week lead time to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-50 Grade T is an alkaline anion exchange membrane with PTFE support for easier handling and increased durability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is designed for use with a supporting electrolyte and is optimized for anion exchange water electrolyzers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt consequently must be converted to the hydroxide form by exposing the membrane to a strong base.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is recommended to soak the membrane in a large bath of 1M KOH for 24 – 48 hours to convert the chloride form into the hydroxide form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis activation also helps in strengthening the membrane via cross-linking with KOH.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that during this process, the membrane will swell and separate from the PET liner.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PET liner can then be discarded after separation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis membrane is located between a thin porous PTFE layer coated with sustainion 37 on both sides.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PTFE decreases the transport of water in the membrane so they are less efficient in CO2 electrolyzers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that this membrane is currently only available in 20 cm x 28 cm sheets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnion Conductivity of Sustainion X37 in Different Electrolytes The anion conductivity of the Sustainion X37 membrane for hydroxide ions, carbonate ions, and chloride ions are provided in the graph below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-50 Grade T - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ***Buyer represents and warrants that all uses of Product will be for Buyer's own use, which means, in particular, that Buyer will not sell, distribute, or transfer Product, whether directly or indirectly, to any class of trade (each a Product Diversion ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny Product Diversion shall be considered a material breach of this Purchase Contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Products contain chemical substances not on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA ) inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSamples may be hazardous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBuyer represents and warrants that it will only use the samples for research and development purposes under the supervision of a technically qualified individual.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sustainion®","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631622771014,"sku":"27010003","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sustainion-membrane-picture-228x228.jpg?v=1749807814"},{"product_id":"sustainion-x37fa","title":"Sustainion® X37-FA","description":"\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-FA Anion Exchange Membrane has a dry thickness of 50 microns.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey are moderately basic and designed for use with supporting electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese are special membranes with lower crossover, which show superior performance in our electrolyzer to convert CO2 to formic acid.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eNote: these membranes can be used in a room temperature formic acid electrolyzer after activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that this membrane is currently only available in 23 cm x 28 cm sheets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnion Conductivity of Sustainion X37 in Different Electrolytes Anion conductivity of Sustainion X37 membrane for hydroxide ions, carbonate ions, and chloride ions are provided in the graph below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePretreatment Instructions: First time use: The membrane is shipped with a liner film adhered to one side of the membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the initial activation, the liner film will come off after the submersion of membrane\/liner in the alkaline soaking bath.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSince the liner is an inert plastic, it should not be used in the electrochemical cell and disposed of.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor electrochemical CO2 reduction applications , the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO2 reduction experiments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eInitial conversion to OH- form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes. 6-8 week lead time is to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-FA - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ***Buyer represents and warrants that all uses of Product will be for Buyer's own use, which means, in particular, that Buyer will not sell, distribute, or transfer Product, whether directly or indirectly, to any class of trade (each a Product Diversion ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny Product Diversion shall be considered a material breach of this Purchase Contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Products contain chemical substances not on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA ) inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSamples may be hazardous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBuyer represents and warrants that it will only use the samples for research and development purposes under the supervision of a technically qualified individual.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sustainion®","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631622803782,"sku":"27010004","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sustainion-membrane-picture-228x228.jpg?v=1749807814"},{"product_id":"sustainion-e2850-grade-t","title":"Sustainion® E28-50 Grade T","description":"\u003cp\u003e20 cm x 28 cm sheets of Sustainion® Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane E28-50 with PTFE support for easier handleability and greater strength.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePresence of the mechanical reinforcement increases the mechanical strength and also reduces swelling or physical dimension change compared to self-supporting counterparts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is moderately basic (i.e., alkaline) and designed for use with supporting electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn comparison with Sustainion traditional X37 membrane (which is a self-supporting membrane), the E28-50 Grade T membrane has reduced swelling and reduced metal crossover.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt can be used in aqueous and some non-aqueous solvents such as propylene carbonate, and has potential to be used in flow-battery and many other applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis anion membrane is supplied in dry form with the counterion being chloride anion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor applications that require the membrane to transfer OH- (or hydroxyl ions), it has to be converted to the hydroxide form by exposing them to a strong base.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is recommended to soak the membrane in a large bath of 1M KOH for 24 hours in order to convert the membrane from chloride form into the hydroxide form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis activation also helps in strengthening the membrane via crosslinking with KOH as identified by a recent NMR study.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is a mechanically reinforced anion exchange membrane and the mechanical reinforcement is based on ePTFE (also known as expanded PTFE). -Ligand is based on MPIP -Typical IEC: 0.7 -Suggested pH range: 2-14 -Resistivity in 1M KOH: ~3.7 Ω-cm2 -Resistivity in 0.01M KHCO3: ~5 Ω-cm2 6-8 week lead time to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® E28-50 Grade T - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ***Buyer represents and warrants that all uses of Product will be for Buyer's own use, which means, in particular, that Buyer will not sell, distribute, or transfer Product, whether directly or indirectly, to any class of trade (each a Product Diversion ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny Product Diversion shall be considered a material breach of this Purchase Contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Products contain chemical substances not on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA ) inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSamples may be hazardous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBuyer represents and warrants that it will only use the samples for research and development purposes under the supervision of a technically qualified individual.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sustainion®","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631623000390,"sku":"27010005","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sustainion-membrane-picture-228x228.jpg?v=1749807814"},{"product_id":"sustainion-b2250-grade-t","title":"Sustainion® B22-50 Grade T","description":"\u003cp\u003e20 cm x 28 cm sheets of Sustainion® Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane B22-50 with PTFE support for easier handleability and greater strength.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePresence of the mechanical support increases the mechanical strength and also minimizes swelling or physical dimension change.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is moderately basic (i.e., alkaline) and designed for use with supporting electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn comparison with Sustainion traditional X37 membrane (which is a self-supporting membrane), the B22-50 Grade T membrane has reduced swelling and reduced metal crossover.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt can be used in aqueous and some non-aqueous solvents such as propylene carbonate, and has potential to be used in flow-battery and many other applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis anion exchange membrane is supplied in dry from with the counterion being chloride anion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor applications that requires transfer of OH- (or hydroxyl ions), this membrane needs to be converted to the hydroxide form by exposing them to a strong base.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is recommended to soak the membrane in a large bath of 1M KOH for 24 hours in order to convert the membrane from chloride form into the hydroxide form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis activation also helps in strengthening the membrane via crosslinking with KOH as identified by a recent NMR study.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is a mechanically reinforced anion exchange membrane and the mechanical reinforcement is based on ePTFE (also known as expanded PTFE). -Ligand is based on TMIM -Typical IEC: 0.6 -Suggested pH range: 2-14 -Resistivity in 1M KOH: ~2.1 Ω-cm2 -Resistivity in 0.01M KHCO3: ~6 Ω-cm2 6-8 week lead time to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® B22-50 Grade T - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ***Buyer represents and warrants that all uses of Product will be for Buyer's own use, which means, in particular, that Buyer will not sell, distribute, or transfer Product, whether directly or indirectly, to any class of trade (each a Product Diversion ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny Product Diversion shall be considered a material breach of this Purchase Contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Products contain chemical substances not on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA ) inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSamples may be hazardous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBuyer represents and warrants that it will only use the samples for research and development purposes under the supervision of a technically qualified individual.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sustainion®","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631623065926,"sku":"27010006","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sustainion-membrane-picture-228x228.jpg?v=1749807814"},{"product_id":"sustainion-e3050-grade-t","title":"Sustainion® E30-50 Grade T","description":"\u003cp\u003e20 cm x 28 cm sheets of Sustainion® Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane E30-50 with PTFE support for easier handleability and greater strength.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePresence of mechanical reinforcement improves the mechanical strength and also minimizes the swelling or physical dimension change issues.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is moderately basic (i.e., alkaline) and designed for use with supporting electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn comparison with Sustainion traditional X37 membrane (which is a self-supporting membrane), the E30-50 Grade T membrane has reduced swelling and reduced metal crossover.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt can be used in aqueous and some non-aqueous solvents such as propylene carbonate, and has potential to be used in flow-battery and many other applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis anion exchange membrane is supplied in dry form with the counter anion being chloride (Cl-) ion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost standard applications would require this membrane to be converted to the hydroxide form by exposing them to a strong base (assuming that the ion of interest is OH- or hydroxyl ions).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is recommended to soak the membrane in a large bath of 1M KOH for 24 hours in order to convert the membrane from chloride form into the hydroxide form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis activation also helps in strengthening the membrane via crosslinking with KOH as identified by a recent NMR study.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is a mechanically reinforced anion exchange membrane and the mechanical reinforcement is based on ePTFE (also known as expanded PTFE) which has a 3D pore structures and the ionically conducting material is encapsulated within those pores and on the surface of the ePTFE. -Ligand is based on TMA -Typical IEC: 0.9 -Suggested pH range: 2-11 -Resistivity in 1M KOH: ~1.1 Ω-cm2 -Resistivity in 0.01M KHCO3: ~8 Ω-cm2 6-8 week lead time to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® E30-50 Grade T - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ***Buyer represents and warrants that all uses of Product will be for Buyer's own use, which means, in particular, that Buyer will not sell, distribute, or transfer Product, whether directly or indirectly, to any class of trade (each a Product Diversion ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny Product Diversion shall be considered a material breach of this Purchase Contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Products contain chemical substances not on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA ) inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSamples may be hazardous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBuyer represents and warrants that it will only use the samples for research and development purposes under the supervision of a technically qualified individual.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sustainion®","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631623131462,"sku":"27010007","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sustainion-membrane-picture-228x228.jpg?v=1749807814"},{"product_id":"sustainion-anion-exchange-membrane-variety-kit","title":"Sustainion® Anion Exchange Membrane Variety Kit","description":"\u003cp\u003eOur Sustainion Anion Exchange Membrane Variety Kit consists of one 4cm x 4cm piece of each of the following membranes: \u003cbr\u003e\n• Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT \u003cbr\u003e\n• Sustainion X37 FA \u003cbr\u003e\n• Sustainion X37-50 Grade T \u003cbr\u003e\n• Sustainion E30-50 Grade T \u003cbr\u003e\n• Sustainion E28-50 Grade T \u003cbr\u003e\n• Sustainion B22-50 Grade T Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT: This anion exchange membrane belongs to self-supporting membrane category (i.e., not mechanically reinforced) and has good ionic conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome applications that can benefit from this membrane are alkaline water electrolyzers and CO2 electrolyzers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe membranes are shipped with an ethylene glycol plasticizer to prevent cracking.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe plasticizer is designed to wash out during activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe functional groups for this membrane are based on TMIM.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion X37 FA: This anion exchange membrane belongs to self-supporting membrane category (i.e., not mechanically reinforced) and has good ionic conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome applications that can benefit from this membrane are alkaline chemistry based conversion of CO2 to formic acid.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe X37-FA membrane should be activated for 12 hours in 1 M KOH at room temperature before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eNote: this membranes can be used in a room temperature formic acid electrolyzer after activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe functional groups for this membrane are based on TMIM.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion X37-50 Grade T: This anion exchange membrane belongs to mechanically reinforced membrane category (mechanical reinforcement material is based on ePTFE) and has good mechanical stability and reduced dimensional swelling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome applications that can benefit from this membrane are alkaline water electrolyzers that demand a high mechanical stable membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe functional groups for this membrane are based on TMIM.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion E30-50 Grade T: This anion exchange membrane belongs to mechanically reinforced membrane category (mechanical reinforcement material is based on ePTFE) and has good mechanical stability and reduced dimensional swelling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome applications that can benefit from this membrane are aqueous and some non-aqueous solvents such as propylene carbonate containing electrochemical devices such as flow-battery and other relevant applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe functional groups for this membrane are based on TMA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion E28-50 Grade T: This anion exchange membrane belongs to mechanically reinforced membrane category (mechanical reinforcement material is based on ePTFE) and has good mechanical stability and reduced dimensional swelling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome applications that can benefit from this membrane are aqueous and some non-aqueous solvents such as propylene carbonate containing electrochemical devices such as flow-battery and other relevant applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe functional groups for this membrane are based on MPIP.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion B22-50 Grade T: This anion exchange membrane belongs to mechanically reinforced membrane category (mechanical reinforcement material is based on ePTFE) and has good mechanical stability and reduced dimensional swelling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome applications that can benefit from this membrane are aqueous and some non-aqueous solvents such as propylene carbonate containing electrochemical devices such as flow-battery and other relevant applications. . The functional groups for this membrane are based on TMIM. 6-8 week lead time to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-50 Grade RT - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Sustainion® X37-FA - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Sustainion® X37-50 Grade T - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Sustainion® E30-50 Grade T - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Sustainion® E28-50 Grade T - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Sustainion® B22-50 Grade T - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ***Buyer represents and warrants that all uses of Product will be for Buyer's own use, which means, in particular, that Buyer will not sell, distribute, or transfer Product, whether directly or indirectly, to any class of trade (each a Product Diversion ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny Product Diversion shall be considered a material breach of this Purchase Contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Products contain chemical substances not on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA ) inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSamples may be hazardous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBuyer represents and warrants that it will only use the samples for research and development purposes under the supervision of a technically qualified individual.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sustainion®","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631624900934,"sku":"27010008","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sustainion-membrane-picture-228x228.jpg?v=1749807814"},{"product_id":"fumasep-faa3pk130","title":"Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","description":"Please note that this material is not currently in production and we are completely out of stock.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-PK-130 is a PK reinforced Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) with low resistance, high selectivity, very high mechanical stability, and high stability in acidic and caustic environment.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-PK-130 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-PK-130 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Electrodialysis for demineralisation, desalination, electrodeionisation, acid recovery and others.\n\nThis membrane can also be used for standard alkaline fuel cell and electrolyzer applications that utilize slightly alkaline solutions (1-2 Molar). \n• Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) \n• Stability Range (pH) at 25°C: 0 - 14 \n• Thickness: 130 micrometers (5.1 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n \n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nUnpack membrane only for direct use and process immediately after opening.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces which may get into contact with the membrane during inspection, storage, pretreatment and mounting must be free of sharp edges or angles.\n\n\n\nStorage:\n Dry Form: The membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time.\n\nHowever, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\n\nWet Form: Storage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 - 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.\n\nFor storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (3) to avoid biological fouling.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form.\n\nDepending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry (without pretreatment) or wet form.\n\nBefore assembling in wet form put the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers (in order to avoid curling) in NaCl solution - e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25°C for 72 hours exchanging the solution several times.\n\nDo not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\n\nFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications , the membrane should be converted into OH-form by treating it with 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH solution: Put the membrane sample in an aqueous solution of 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH for at least 24 h at 20°C – 30°C.\n\nAfter rinsing with demineralised water (pH ~ 7) the membrane is ready to use.\n\nUse closed container to avoid CO2 contamination (carbonate formation that may affect conductivity).\n\nThe membrane in OH-form must be stored under wet \/ humidified and CO2-free conditions, avoid drying out of the membrane in OH-form.\n\nLong-term storage in dry conditions should be preferably done in carbonate, Cl- or Br-form.\n\nFor electrochemical CO2 reduction applications , the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).\n\nFully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.\n\nAfter rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO2 reduction experiments.\n\nWhile the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.\n\nInitial conversion to OH- form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes.\n\nFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications , the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.\n\nFor example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.\n\nIn order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 1-2 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 24-72 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.\n\nOr if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.\n\nA neutral salt solution of Na2SO4 or K2SO4 would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 24-72 hours at room temperature.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631625752902,"sku":"34010012","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_d02b3851-8d06-49f1-950f-3f901f6468ec.jpg?v=1749807803"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fap450","title":"Fumasep FAP-450","description":"This product has been discontinued.\n\nThis web page is only active for previous customers who need access to the specifications.\n\nFumasep FAP-450 is a non-reinforced Fluorinated Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) with low resistance, high blocking capability of vanadium ions, and high stability in acidic environment.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this AEM is based on a hydrocarbon polymer material.\n\nFumasep FAP-450 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFAP-450 membrane is manufactured on the PET cover film in order to prevent damages to the membrane during its shipment.\n\nThe PET foil is located only on one side of the FAP-450 membrane and it needs to be removed from the membrane surface before testing or using the membrane.\n\nFAP-450 is transparent and more flexible than the PET cover film.\n\nThe membrane is ready for use when it arrives.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAP-450 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Redox-Flow Battery, e.g.\n\nVanadium-Redox-Flow Battery (VRB), using aqueous acidic conditions.\n\nAnother application that can benefit greatly from this membrane is non-aqueous redox flow batteries that utilize organic solvents such as acetonitrile, etc.\n\nThe dimension change or swelling of the membrane for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications would predomitly depend on the chemical composition of the electrolyte used.\n\nMechanically reinforced fluorinated anion exchange membranes would demonstrate increased mechanical stability and lower solvent mediated crossover compared to non-reinforced counterparts for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications. \n• Type: Anion Exchange Membrane \n• Thickness: 50 micrometers (1.97 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Operation Range: Acidic environment pH \u0026lt; 4, at pH \u0026gt; 4 the material has low ionic conductivity.\n\nThe material is not stable in caustic environment (pH \u0026gt; 11).\n\nGeneral temperature range is room temperature to 50°C.\n\nFumasep FAP-450 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n \n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in dry form.\n\nNo pretreatment is required.\n\nHowever, membranes will expand and contract based on electrolyte content.\n\nLong Term \n\nStorage:\n The membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time.\n\nHowever, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\n\nPlease note that a current lead time of one to two weeks is to be expected.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631625916742,"sku":"34010014","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_b5edb51f-9742-4d5b-ac54-86558557e9cd.jpg?v=1749807803"},{"product_id":"fumasep-faa350","title":"Fumasep FAA-3-50","description":"Please note that this product has been discontinued and a limited amount of stock remains.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-50 is a non-reinforced Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) with very low resistance, high selectivity and high stability in pH acidic and basic environment.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-50 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nThe membrane is the thin brown foil, delivered on a backing foil (colourless rigid PET foil).\n\nPull off carefully the membrane (brown) from the backing foil.\n\nThe membrane is delivered in dry form.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-50 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Electrodialysis for demineralisation, desalination, capacitive deionization and others.\n\nThis membrane can also be used for standard alkaline fuel cell and electrolyzer applications that utilize slightly alkaline solutions (1-2 Molar). \n• Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) \n• Thickness: 45 - 55 micrometers (1.77 - 2.17 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAA-3-50 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n \n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nStorage:\n Dry Form: The membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time.\n\nHowever, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\n\nWet Form: Storage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 – 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.\n\nFor storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (e.g. 3) to avoid biological fouling.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form.\n\nDepending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form.\n\nFor optimum performance it is recommended to rinse the membrane in NaCl solution (e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25°C for 24 hrs) to remove any additive from the membrane.\n\nPlace the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers in order to avoid curling.\n\nDo not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\n\nMembranes will expand and contract based on water \/ electrolyte content.\n\nFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications , the membrane should be converted into OH-form by treating it with 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH solution: Put the membrane sample in an aqueous solution of 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH for at least 24 h at 20°C – 30°C.\n\nAfter rinsing with demineralised water (pH ~ 7) the membrane is ready to use.\n\nUse closed container to avoid CO2 contamination (carbonate formation that may affect conductivity).\n\nThe membrane in OH-form must be stored under wet \/ humidified and CO2-free conditions, avoid drying out of the membrane in OH-form.\n\nLong-term storage in dry conditions should be preferably done in carbonate, Cl- or Br-form.\n\nFor electrochemical CO2 reduction applications , the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).\n\nFully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.\n\nAfter rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO2 reduction experiments.\n\nWhile the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.\n\nInitial conversion to OH- form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes.\n\nFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications , the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.\n\nFor example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.\n\nIn order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 1-2 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 24-72 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.\n\nOr if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.\n\nA neutral salt solution of Na2SO4 or K2SO4 would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 24-72 hours at room temperature.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631626080582,"sku":"34010035","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":54636906119494,"sku":"34010036","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_9350e82a-9e7e-4a41-82fd-f7677a5241c1.jpg?v=1749807802"},{"product_id":"fumasep-faa3pk75","title":"Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","description":"Please note that this material is completely out of stock and on backorder.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-PK-75 is a PK reinforced Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) with low resistance, high selectivity, high mechanical stability, and high stability in alkaline and acidic environment.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-PK-75 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nThe membrane is the thin brown foil with a peek reinforcing structure.\n\nThe membrane is delivered in dry form.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-PK-75 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Electrodialysis for demineralisation, desalination, acid recovery and others.\n\nThis membrane can also be used for standard alkaline fuel cell and electrolyzer applications that utilize slightly alkaline solution (1-2 Molar). \n• Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) \n• Stability Range (pH) at 25°C: 0 - 14 \n• Thickness: 70 - 80 micrometers (2.76 - 3.15 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n \n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nStorage:\n Dry Form: The membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time.\n\nHowever, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\n\nWet Form: Storage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 – 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.\n\nFor storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (e.g. 3) to avoid biological fouling.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form.\n\nDepending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form.\n\nFor optimum performance it is recommended to rinse the membrane in NaCl solution (e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25°C for 24 hrs) to remove any additive from the membrane.\n\nPlace the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers in order to avoid curling.\n\nDo not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\n\nFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications , the membrane should be converted into OH-form by treating it with 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH solution: Put the membrane sample in an aqueous solution of 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH for at least 24 h at 20°C – 30°C.\n\nAfter rinsing with demineralised water (pH ~ 7) the membrane is ready to use.\n\nUse closed container to avoid CO2 contamination (carbonate formation that may affect conductivity).\n\nThe membrane in OH-form must be stored under wet \/ humidified and CO2-free conditions, avoid drying out of the membrane in OH-form.\n\nLong-term storage in dry conditions should be preferably done in carbonate, Cl- or Br-form.\n\nFor electrochemical CO2 reduction applications , the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).\n\nFully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.\n\nAfter rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO2 reduction experiments.\n\nWhile the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.\n\nInitial conversion to OH- form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes.\n\nFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications , the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.\n\nFor example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.\n\nIn order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 1-2 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 24-72 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.\n\nOr if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.\n\nA neutral salt solution of Na2SO4 or K2SO4 would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 24-72 hours at room temperature.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631626342726,"sku":"34010037","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":54636906152262,"sku":"34010038","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_71efb229-9e6c-48ae-8275-a446710d7d5d.jpg?v=1749807802"},{"product_id":"fumasep-faa3pe30","title":"Fumasep FAA-3-PE-30","description":"Please note that this product has been discontinued and a limited amount of stock remains.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-PE-30 is an anion exchange membrane - PE-reinforced with low resistance, high selectivity, high mechanical stability, and high stability in pH acidic and basic environment.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-PE-30 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-PE-30 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Electrodialysis for demineralisation, desalination applications, capacitive deionization and others \n• Anion Exchange Membrane \n• Thickness (dry): 20 - 30 micrometers (0.78 - 1.1 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAA-3-PE-30 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the thin brown foil, delivered on a backing foil (colourless rigid PET foil).\n\nPull off carefully the membrane (brown) from the backing foil.\n\nThe membrane is delivered in dry form.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\nDry form: Storage for long time scale (\u0026gt; 12 month) may be done in dry state (sealed container).\n\nWet form: Storage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 – 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.\n\nFor storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (e.g. 3) to avoid biological fouling.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form.\n\nDepending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form.\n\nFor optimum performance it is recommended to rinse the membrane in NaCl solution (e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at T = 25 °C for 24 hrs) to remove any additive from the membrane.\n\nPlace the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers in order to avoid curling.\n\nDo not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, and pretreatment please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nThere is a limited quantity available for this membrane product and once that is exhausted, there will not be any more due to lack of PE support in the market.\n\nPlease check this page time to time for any new updates.\n\nAlternative membrane products would be the PEEK reinforced counterparts such as Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130 or FAA-3-PK-75.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631629095238,"sku":"34010050","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":54636906447174,"sku":"34010051","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_5c044f1f-23b5-4026-8696-8ad0a8b6d028.jpg?v=1749807798"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fap330pe","title":"Fumasep FAP-330-PE","description":"Please note that this product has been discontinued and a limited amount of stock remains.\n\nPlease contact us for availability.\n\nFumasep FAP-330-PE is a fluorinated anion-exchange membrane - reinforced with low resistance, high blocking capability of vanadium ions, and high stability in acidic environment.\n\nFumasep FAP-330-PE membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAP-330-PE \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Redox-Flow Battery, e.g.\n\nVanadium-Redox-Flow Battery (VRB), using aqueous acidic conditions.\n\nAnother application that can benefit greatly from this membrane is non-aqueous redox flow batteries that utilize organic solvents such as acetonitrile, etc.\n\nThe dimension change or swelling of the membrane for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications would predomitly depend on the chemical composition of the electrolyte used.\n\nMechanically reinforced fluorinated anion exchange membranes would demonstrate increased mechanical stability and lower solvent mediated crossover compared to non-reinforced counterparts for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications. \n• Type: Anion Exchange Membrane \n• Operation Range: Acidic environment pH \u0026lt; 4, at pH \u0026gt; 6 the material has low ionic conductivity.\n\nThe material is not stable in caustic environment (pH \u0026gt; 11).\n\nGeneral temperature range is room temperature to 50 °C. \n• Thickness (dry): 24 – 32 micrometers (0.94 - 1.25 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAP-330-PE \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is delivered on the transparent PET foil.\n\nThe membrane is ready to use.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nUnpack membrane only for direct use and process immediately after opening.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in dry form.\n\nNo pretreatment is required.\n\nHowever, membranes will expand and contract based on electrolyte content.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, and pretreatment please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nThere is a limited quantity available for this membrane product and once that is exhausted, there will not be any more due to lack of PE support in the market.\n\nPlease check this page time to time for any new updates.\n\nWhile there are no other mechanically reinforced FAP-series membranes, alternative membrane products from unreinforced membranes would be the FAP-330 or FAP-450.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631630176582,"sku":"34010056","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_20d83dd9-ea5b-424c-af2d-d4736210b2d3.jpg?v=1749807797"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fap330","title":"Fumasep FAP-330","description":"Please note that this product has been discontinued and a limited amount of stock remains.\n\nFumasep FAP-330 is a fluorinated anion-exchange membrane - non-reinforced with low resistance, high blocking capability of vanadium ions, and high stability in acidic environment.\n\nFumasep FAP-330 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAP-330 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Redox-Flow Battery, e.g.\n\nVanadium-Redox-Flow Battery (VRB), using aqueous acidic conditions.\n\nAnother application that can benefit greatly from this membrane is non-aqueous redox flow batteries that utilize organic solvents such as acetonitrile, etc.\n\nThe dimension change or swelling of the membrane for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications would predomitly depend on the chemical composition of the electrolyte used.\n\nMechanically reinforced fluorinated anion exchange membranes would demonstrate increased mechanical stability and lower solvent mediated crossover compared to non-reinforced counterparts for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications. \n• Type: Anion Exchange Membrane \n• Operation Range: Acidic environment pH \u0026lt; 4, at pH \u0026gt; 6 the material has low ionic conductivity.\n\nThe material is not stable in caustic environment (pH \u0026gt; 9).\n\nGeneral temperature range is room temperature to 50 °C. \n• Thickness (dry): 27 – 33 micrometers (1.06 - 1.29 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAP-330 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the transparent foil.\n\nThe membrane is ready to use.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nUnpack membrane only for direct use and process immediately after opening.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in dry form.\n\nNo pretreatment is required.\n\nHowever, membranes will expand and contract based on electrolyte content.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, and pretreatment please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631630471494,"sku":"34010058","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":54636906643782,"sku":"34010059","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_1b3fbf4d-78b1-40a5-9680-b706e86ad879.jpg?v=1749807797"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fapq330","title":"Fumasep FAPQ-330","description":"Please note that this product has been discontinued and a limited amount of stock remains.\n\nFumasep FAPQ-330 is a fluorinated anion-exchange membrane - non-reinforced with low resistance, high oxidative stability, resistant to chlorine and high stability in acidic environment.\n\nFumasep FAPQ-330 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAPQ-330 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Electrochemical processes requiring anion exchange membranes with high oxidative stability and highly resistant to chlorine.\n\nAnother application that can benefit greatly from this membrane is non-aqueous redox flow batteries that utilize organic solvents such as acetonitrile, etc.\n\nThe dimension change or swelling of the membrane for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications would predomitly depend on the chemical composition of the electrolyte used.\n\nMechanically reinforced fluorinated anion exchange membranes would demonstrate increased mechanical stability and lower solvent mediated crossover compared to non-reinforced counterparts for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications. \n• Type: Anion Exchange Membrane \n• Operation Range: Acidic environment pH \u0026lt; 4, at pH \u0026gt; 6 the material has low ionic conductivity.\n\nThe material is not stable in caustic environment (pH \u0026gt; 9).\n\nGeneral temperature range is room temperature to 50 °C. \n• Thickness (dry): 25 – 35 micrometers (0.98 - 1.37 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAPQ-330 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the slightly opaque foil, delivered on a backing layer (colourless rigid PET foil).\n\nPeel off carefully the membrane from the backing layer.\n\nThe membrane is ready to use.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in dry form.\n\nNo pretreatment is required.\n\nIf additional cleaning is required rinse the membrane in either the application solution or deionized water according to the application requirement.\n\nHowever, membranes will expand and contract based on electrolyte content.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, and pretreatment please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nPlease note that a current lead time of four to six weeks is to be expected.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631630537030,"sku":"34010060","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":54636907102534,"sku":"34010061","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_f104b2fa-3459-4eab-8fa3-cbbd8dc135d4.jpg?v=1749807796"},{"product_id":"fumasep-faam20","title":"Fumasep FAAM-20","description":"Please note that this product is temporarily unavailable.\n\nFumasep FAAM-20 is a non-reinforced microporous separator (also known as separator or diaphragm) with a thickness of 20 µm and high stability in caustic environments and can be used for conventional alkaline electrolyzers that uses caustic solutions.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin and there is no functional groups in this product for the transfer of the hydroxyl ions.\n\nA microporous separator is a completely different product than an anion exchange membrane for its working principle.\n\nFor the electrochemical operation of an alkaline electrolyzer with a microporous separator, it is required to use highly caustic electrolyte (6M to 12M, where M stands for Molar, a unit of concentration) and have this electrolyte continuously circulated at the anode\/cathode compartments.\n\nDue to excellent wetting behavior of the highly concentrated alkaline electrolytes, they will be naturally wicked into the micropores of the microporous separator and completely saturating the membrane and then establish an ionic bridge to the opposite side of the membrane as a result of this wicking.\n\nIn that regard, the higher ionic conductivity of the electrolyte would determine the ionic conductivity of the microporous separator.\n\nAnion exchange membranes, on the other hand, do not require the usage of liquid alkaline electrolytes for their operation because there are functional groups that are established on the polymer backbone where hydroxyl ions are transferred with the help of these functional groups across the anion exchange membrane itself.\n\nMicroporous separators do not have any functional groups such as quaternary ammonium cations and they are completely inert for the aspect of ionic conductivity.\n\nIt is the electrolyte that wicks into the microporous separator that enables the hydroxyl ion transfer.\n\nThe main function of the microporous separator for a conventional alkaline electrolyzer is to act as a physical separator component and prevent the generated by-product mixing during the operation of the alkaline electrolyzer cell.\n\nWhile commercial anion exchange membranes can only tolerate to 1M type alkaline electrolytes, microporous separator products can tolerate up to 12M type concentrations.\n\nMost anion exchange membranes can only handle low temperatures (up to 55-60 deg Celsius), microporous separator product can be used in the temperature range of room temperature to 100 deg Celsius.\n\nThis microporous separator is not suitable for pure water electrolysis applications and it will always require the addition of NaOH or KOH powder into the deionized water or distilled water.\n\nDo not use any other water sources such as tap-water or reverse osmosis water when preparing the alkaline electrolyte for this microporous separator.\n\nFumasep FAAM-20 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAAM-20 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Alkaline electrolysis using liquid aqueous KOH (6 - 12 M KOH), preferentially at both, anode and cathode side. \n• Anion Exchange Membrane \n• Operation Range: 6 - 12 M KOH, temperature RT - 100 °C. \n• Thickness (dry): 18 - 22 micrometers (0.70 - 0.86 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAAM-20 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the thin brown foil, delivered on a backing foil (colourless rigid PET foil).\n\nPull off carefully the membrane (brown) from the backing foil.\n\nThe membrane is delivered in dry form.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces which may get into contact with the membrane during inspection, storage, pretreatment and mounting must be free of sharp edges or angles.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n No specific pretreatment required.\n\nThe membrane is self-activating in the cell after contact with aqueous caustic electrolyte (e.g. 9 M aqueous KOH solution) within several hours.\n\nDepending on cell design, activation may also be done before assembling: Put the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes (in order to avoid curling) in aqueous KOH solution (concentration according to application) for at least 24 hrs at room temperature.\n\nUse closed container to avoid CO2 contamination (carbonate formation that may affect conductivity).\n\nMembranes must be covered by KOH solution.\n\nMembranes will expand when subject to swelling process.\n\nThe hydration level can be controlled by KOH concentration and temperature, e.g. 9 M KOH solution at room temperature leads to approx. 50 - 70 wt% hydration level.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nPlease note that a current lead time of four to six weeks is to be expected.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631630963014,"sku":"34010061","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_1e6524b2-b1da-40f6-bdcf-41cd0c9e11a1.jpg?v=1749807796"},{"product_id":"fumasep-faam40","title":"Fumasep FAAM-40","description":"This product has been discontinued.\n\nThis web page is only active for previous customers who need access to the specifications.\n\nFumasep FAAM-40 is a non-reinforced microporous separator (also known as separator or diaphragm) with a thickness of 40 µm and has high stability in caustic environments and can be used for conventional alkaline electrolyzers that uses caustic solutions.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin and there is no functional groups in this product for the transfer of the hydroxyl ions.\n\nA microporous separator is a completely different product than an anion exchange membrane for its working principle.\n\nFor the electrochemical operation of an alkaline electrolyzer with a microporous separator, it is required to use highly caustic electrolyte (6M to 12M, where M stands for Molar, a unit of concentration) and have this electrolyte continuously circulated at the anode\/cathode compartments.\n\nDue to excellent wetting behavior of the highly concentrated alkaline electrolytes, they will be naturally wicked into the micropores of the microporous separator and completely saturating the membrane and then establish an ionic bridge to the opposite side of the membrane as a result of this wicking.\n\nIn that regard, the higher ionic conductivity of the electrolyte would determine the ionic conductivity of the microporous separator.\n\nAnion exchange membranes, on the other hand, do not require the usage of liquid alkaline electrolytes for their operation because there are functional groups that are established on the polymer backbone where hydroxyl ions are transferred with the help of these functional groups across the anion exchange membrane itself.\n\nMicroporous separators do not have any functional groups such as quaternary ammonium cations and they are completely inert for the aspect of ionic conductivity.\n\nIt is the electrolyte that wicks into the microporous separator that enables the hydroxyl ion transfer.\n\nThe main function of the microporous separator for a conventional alkaline electrolyzer is to act as a physical separator component and prevent the generated by-product mixing during the operation of the alkaline electrolyzer cell.\n\nWhile commercial anion exchange membranes can only tolerate to 1M type alkaline electrolytes, microporous separator products can tolerate up to 12M type concentrations.\n\nMost anion exchange membranes can only handle low temperatures (up to 55-60 deg Celsius), microporous separator product can be used in the temperature range of room temperature to 100 deg Celsius.\n\nThis microporous separator is not suitable for pure water electrolysis applications and it will always require the addition of NaOH or KOH powder into the deionized water or distilled water.\n\nDo not use any other water sources such as tap-water or reverse osmosis water when preparing the alkaline electrolyte for this microporous separator.\n\nFumasep FAAM-40 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAAM-40 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Alkaline electrolysis using liquid aqueous KOH (6 - 12 M KOH), preferentially at both, anode and cathode side. \n• Operation Range: 6 - 12 M KOH, temperature RT - 100 °C. \n• Thickness (dry): 37 - 43 micrometers (1.45 - 1.69 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAAM-40 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the thin brown foil, delivered on a backing foil (colourless rigid PET foil).\n\nPull off carefully the membrane (brown) from the backing foil.\n\nThe membrane is delivered in dry form.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces which may get into contact with the membrane during inspection, storage, pretreatment and mounting must be free of sharp edges or angles.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n No specific pretreatment required.\n\nThe membrane is self-activating in the cell after contact with aqueous caustic electrolyte (e.g. 9 M aqueous KOH solution) within several hours.\n\nDepending on cell design, activation may also be done before assembling: Put the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes (in order to avoid curling) in aqueous KOH solution (concentration according to application) for at least 24 hrs at room temperature.\n\nUse closed container to avoid CO2 contamination (carbonate formation that may affect conductivity).\n\nMembranes must be covered by KOH solution.\n\nMembranes will expand when subject to swelling process.\n\nThe hydration level can be controlled by KOH concentration and temperature, e.g. 9 M KOH solution at room temperature leads to approx. 50 - 70 wt% hydration level.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nPlease note that a current lead time of four to six weeks is to be expected.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631631356230,"sku":"34010064","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_aaa0db26-b765-465e-92e2-5df035147787.jpg?v=1749807795"},{"product_id":"fumasep-faa330","title":"Fumasep FAA-3-30","description":"Please note that this product has been discontinued and a limited amount of stock remains.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-30 is an anion-exchange membrane, non-reinforced with low resistance, high selectivity, high mechanical stability, and high stability in pH acidic and basic environment.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-30 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-30 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Organic Redox-Flow applications or organometallic charged bearer. \n• Anion Exchange Membrane \n• Stability range: pH = 1 – 12 at T = 25 – 50 °C. \n• Thickness (dry): 26 – 34 micrometers (1.02 - 1.33 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAA-3-30 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the thin brown foil, delivered on a backing foil (colorless rigid PET foil).\n\nCarefully separate the membrane (brown) from the backing foil.\n\nThe membrane is delivered in dry form.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nUnpack membrane only for direct use and process it immediately after opening.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces which may get into contact with the membrane during inspection, storage, pretreatment and mounting must be free of sharp edges or angles.\n\nDry form: Storage for long time scale (\u0026gt; 12 month) may be done in dry state (sealed container).\n\nWet form: Storage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 – 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.\n\nFor storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with additional sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) in concetration 1 – 3 wt% to avoid biological fouling.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form.\n\nDepending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form.\n\nBefore assembling in wet form put the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers (in order to avoid curling) in NaCl solution - e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at T = 25 °C for 72 hrs exchanging the solution several times.\n\nDo not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nPlease note that a current lead time of four to six weeks is to be expected.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631631520070,"sku":"34010066","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":54636907495750,"sku":"34010067","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_83b3ec8c-bd39-4ed1-b88f-b5865686a74b.jpg?v=1749807795"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fam","title":"Fumasep FAM","description":"Fumasep FAM is a heterogeneous anion-exchange membrane – PP-reinforced – thickness 450 – 500 µm, with high selectivity and very high mechanical stability.\n\nThe polymer backbone of this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\n\nFumasep FAM membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAM \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Electrocoating, electroplating, electrodeionisation, electrodialysis for demineralisation, desalination and others. \n• Anion Exchange Membrane \n• Stability range: pH = 1 – 10 at T = 25 °C. \n• Thickness (dry): 450 – 500 micrometers (17.7 - 19.6 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAM \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the thin brown foil, delivered in between paper layers.\n\nCarefully separate the membrane from the paper layers.\n\nThe membrane is delivered in dry form.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\nDry form: Storage for long time scale (\u0026gt; 12 month) may be done in dry state (sealed container).\n\nWet form: Storage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 – 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.\n\nFor storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with additional sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) in concentration 1 – 3 wt% to avoid biological fouling.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form.\n\nDepending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry (without pretreatment) or wet form.\n\nPretreatment before assembling: Put the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers (in order to avoid curling) in NaCl solution - e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at T = 25 °C for 72 hrs exchanging several times the solution.\n\nDo not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nPlease note that a current lead time of four to six weeks is to be expected.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631631749446,"sku":"34010068","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":54636706300230,"sku":"34010069","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_85d392e9-d302-4049-bc64-4fa82b6db6be.jpg?v=1749807794"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fap420pe","title":"Fumasep FAP-420-PE","description":"Please note that this product has been discontinued and a limited amount of stock remains.\n\nPlease contact us for availability.\n\nFumasep FAP-420-PE is a partially fluorinated anion-exchange membrane - PE-reinforced - thickness 20 µm, with low resistance, high mechanical stability, low dimensional swelling, high oxidative stability, resistant to chlorine and high stability in acidic environment.\n\nFumasep FAP-420-PE membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAP-420-PE \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Electrochemical processes requiring anion exchange membranes with high oxidative stability and \/ or resistant to chlorine.\n\nRedox-Flow Battery, e.g.\n\nVanadium-Redox-Flow Battery (VRB), using aqueous acidic conditions.\n\nAnother application that can benefit greatly from this membrane is non-aqueous redox flow batteries that utilize organic solvents such as acetonitrile, etc.\n\nThe dimension change or swelling of the membrane for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications would predomitly depend on the chemical composition of the electrolyte used.\n\nMechanically reinforced fluorinated anion exchange membranes would demonstrate increased mechanical stability and lower solvent mediated crossover compared to non-reinforced counterparts for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications. \n• Type: Anion Exchange Membrane \n• Operation range: Acidic environment pH \u0026lt; 4, at pH \u0026gt; 4 the material has low ionic conductivity.\n\nThe material is not stable in caustic environment (pH \u0026gt; 9). \n• Thickness (dry): 18 – 24 micrometers (0.70 - 0.94 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAP-420-PE \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the slightly opaque foil, delivered on a backing layer (colourless rigid PET foil).\n\nPeel off carefully the membrane from the backing layer.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in dry form.\n\nThe membrane does not need any pretreatment.\n\nIf additional cleaning is required rinse the membrane in either the application solution or deionized water according to the application requirement.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nThere is a limited quantity available for this membrane product and once that is exhausted, there will not be any more due to lack of PE support in the market.\n\nPlease check this page time to time for any new updates.\n\nWhile there are no other mechanically reinforced FAP-series membranes, alternative membrane products from unreinforced membranes would be the FAP-330 or FAP-450.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631633355078,"sku":"34010073","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_0e2697dc-22a4-49e0-823a-7df8150b6b6a.jpg?v=1749807793"},{"product_id":"fumasep-faam10","title":"Fumasep FAAM-10","description":"This product has been discontinued.\n\nThis web page is only active for previous customers who need access to the specifications.\n\nFumasep FAAM-10 is a non-reinforced microporous separator (also known as separator or diaphragm) with a thickness of 10 µm and high stability in caustic environments and can be used for conventional alkaline electrolyzers that uses caustic solutions.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin and there is no functional groups in this product for the transfer of the hydroxyl ions.\n\nA microporous separator is a completely different product than an anion exchange membrane for its working principle.\n\nFor the electrochemical operation of an alkaline electrolyzer with a microporous separator, it is required to use highly caustic electrolyte (6M to 12M, where M stands for Molar, a unit of concentration) and have this electrolyte continuously circulated at the anode\/cathode compartments.\n\nDue to excellent wetting behavior of the highly concentrated alkaline electrolytes, they will be naturally wicked into the micropores of the microporous separator and completely saturating the membrane and then establish an ionic bridge to the opposite side of the membrane as a result of this wicking.\n\nIn that regard, the higher ionic conductivity of the electrolyte would determine the ionic conductivity of the microporous separator.\n\nAnion exchange membranes, on the other hand, do not require the usage of liquid alkaline electrolytes for their operation because there are functional groups that are established on the polymer backbone where hydroxyl ions are transferred with the help of these functional groups across the anion exchange membrane itself.\n\nMicroporous separators do not have any functional groups such as quaternary ammonium cations and they are completely inert for the aspect of ionic conductivity.\n\nIt is the electrolyte that wicks into the microporous separator that enables the hydroxyl ion transfer.\n\nThe main function of the microporous separator for a conventional alkaline electrolyzer is to act as a physical separator component and prevent the generated by-product mixing during the operation of the alkaline electrolyzer cell.\n\nWhile commercial anion exchange membranes can only tolerate to 1M type alkaline electrolytes, microporous separator products can tolerate up to 12M type concentrations.\n\nMost anion exchange membranes can only handle low temperatures (up to 55-60 deg Celsius), microporous separator product can be used in the temperature range of room temperature to 100 deg Celsius.\n\nThis microporous separator is not suitable for pure water electrolysis applications and it will always require the addition of NaOH or KOH powder into the deionized water or distilled water.\n\nDo not use any other water sources such as tap-water or reverse osmosis water when preparing the alkaline electrolyte for this microporous separator.\n\nFumasep FAAM-10 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAAM-10 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Alkaline electrolysis using liquid aqueous KOH (6 – 12 M KOH), preferentially at both, anode and cathode side. \n• Operation range: 6 – 12 M KOH, temperature RT – 100 °C. \n• Thickness (dry): 10 – 13 micrometers (0.39 - 0.51 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAAM-10 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the thin brown foil, delivered on a backing layer (colorless rigid PET foil).\n\nCarefully separate the membrane from the backing layers.\n\nThe membrane is delivered in dry form.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nUnpack membrane only for direct use and process it immediately after opening.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces which may get into contact with the membrane during inspection, storage, pretreatment and mounting must be free of sharp edges or angles.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n No specific pretreatment required.\n\nThe membrane is self-activating in the cell after contact with aqueous caustic electrolyte (e.g. 6 - 9 M aqueous KOH solution) within several hours.\n\nDepending on cell design, activation may also be done before assembling: Put the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes (in order to avoid curling) in aqueous KOH solution (concentration according to application) for at least 24 hrs at room temperature.\n\nUse closed container to avoid CO2 contamination (carbonate formation that may affect conductivity).\n\nMembranes must be covered by KOH solution.\n\nMembranes will expand when subject to swelling process.\n\nThe hydration level can be controlled by KOH concentration and temperature, e.g. 9 M KOH solution at room temperature leads to approx. 50 – 70 wt% hydration level.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nPlease note that a current lead time of four to six weeks is to be expected.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631633420614,"sku":"34010076","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_1a3d80ab-1c82-40e2-84a4-891e0dd005f2.jpg?v=1749807792"},{"product_id":"fumatech-anion-membrane-variety-kit","title":"Fumatech Anion Membrane Variety Kit","description":"\u003cp\u003eOur Fumatech Anion Membrane Variety Kits consist of one 10cm x 10cm piece of each of the following membranes: \u003cbr\u003e\n• Fumasep FAP-450 \u003cbr\u003e\n• Fumapem FAA-3-50 \u003cbr\u003e\n• Fumasep FAS-30 \u003cbr\u003e\n• Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75 FuMA-Tech is a leading company for functional membranes and plant technology and is a leading manufacturer of ion exchange membranes for different electrochemical operations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir modern coating plant produces porous, non-porous and functional membranes with excellent resistance to acids, bases, solvents and oxidation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631634534726,"sku":"34010082","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_57a04c61-3e32-4c0f-99ab-99a53c7def1e.jpg?v=1749807791"},{"product_id":"piperion-anion-exchange-membrane-20-microns-selfsupporting","title":"PiperION® Anion Exchange Membrane, 20 microns, Self-Supporting","description":"\u003cp\u003eVersogen's 20 micrometers thick self-supporting anion exchange membrane sheets are currently offered in 5x5cm, and 10x10cm and 20x20cm sizes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION® self-supporting AEMs are manufactured solely from the functionalized poly(aryl piperidinium) resin material and there is no mechanical reinforcement in them.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eHaving the entire membrane manufactured from 100% resin material makes this membrane category to have higher ionic conductivity compared to mechanically reinforced PiperION® AEM counterparts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn terms of mechanical robustness, mechanically reinforced PiperION® AEMs would provide higher performance compared to self-supporting PiperION® AEM counterparts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION® AEMs are manufactured from the functionalized poly(aryl piperidinium) polymer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe general chemical structure of the poly(aryl piperidinium) resin material is provided below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBenefits of Self-Supporting PiperION® AEMs: -Non-reinforced and high anionic conductivity -Excellent chemical stability in caustic and acidic environments (pH range of 1-14) -Ultra-thin membranes with superb performance for various alkaline fuel cell, alkaline electrolyzer, direct ammonia fuel cells, and other relevant electrochemical technologies Properties of the Self-Supporting PiperION® AEMs (*): Thickness (micrometers) Tensile Strength (MPa) Young's Modulus Elongation at Break (%) IEC (meq\/g) Conductivity (mS\/cm, OH-, 80 °C) 20 \u0026gt;30 \u0026gt;30 \u0026gt;20 ~2.35 ~150 80 \u0026gt;50 \u0026gt;50 \u0026gt;100 ~2.35 ~150 *Some of the important properties of PiperION® membranes are provided in the table are for reference and example purposes only.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePre-treatment protocol: PiperION® membranes are shipped in the non-hydroxide form (more specifically in the bicarbonate form) and the proper pretreatment protocol needs to be followed in order to convert it to the desired anionic form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell or hydroxide exchange electrolysis applications or any other application that requires the hydroxide ion transfer across the membrane, the membrane should be converted from bicarbonate form into OH- form for optimal conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo convert the membrane to OH- form, place the membrane in an aqueous solution of 0.5 M NaOH or KOH for 1 h at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter 1 h, replace the solution with fresh 0.5 M NaOH or KOH and allow the membrane to soak for 1 h at room temperature again.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the two soaks, rinse the membrane with DI water (pH ~ 7).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMinimize exposure to ambient air, as the CO2 can exchange back into the membrane causing the membrane to convert back to bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe reaction between CO2 and hydroxide ions is purely chemical and it will readily happen if the OH- form of the membrane is exposed to an environment that has CO2 (such as ambient air, etc.).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis conversion can be completely eliminated by simply doing the conversion and testing in a CO2-free drybox environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor electrochemical reduction of CO2 or CO or in CO2 electrolysis applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PiperION® membrane is shipped in the bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are working with bicarbonate electrolytes in your setup, then there is no need to pretreat the membrane and it can be used in the as received form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are working with carbonate electrolytes, then the PiperION® membrane needs to be converted to carbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to achieve this, simply submerge the membrane in an aqueous solution of 0.1 - 0.5 M sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate for 12 h at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter then, replace the solution with fresh 0.1 - 0.5 M sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate and allow the membrane to soak for 12 h at room temperature again.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the two-three soaks, rinse the membrane with DI water (pH ~ 7).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of bicarbonate or carbonate electrolytes, if you are using KOH or NaOH type pure alkaline electrolytes in your CO2 reduction experiments, then you can simply follow the \"For standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications\" protocol for converting the membrane to OH- form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to the assembly of the membrane into the electrochemical device or setup, the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 0.1 to 0.5 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 12-24 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOr if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions across the membrane, then PiperION® AEM needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA neutral salt solution of 0.1 to 0.5M Na2SO4 or K2SO4 would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 12-24 hours at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is always suggested to repeat the submersion process for 2-3 times in order to achieve close to 100% conversion and then rinse it with copious amount of deionized water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientific Literature for Various Use of Versogen Membranes and Dispersion Products: The article by Wang et al. entitled \"Poly(aryl piperidinium) membranes and ionomers for hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the polymer chemistry and fuel cell operation of PiperION® membranes with hydrogen and CO2-free air reactants at a temperature of 95 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis article also investigates the ionic conductivity, chemical stability, mechanical robustness, gas separation, and selective solubility aspects of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Wang et al. entitled \"High-Performance Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells THrough Optimization of Relative Humidity, Backpressure, and Catalyst Selection\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the polymer chemistry and fuel cell operation of PiperION® membranes under different operational parameters in order to eliminate the anode flooding and cathode drying out issues in order to achieve a blanced water management.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith further optimization on the catalyst, a peak power density of 1.89 W\/cm2 in H2\/O2 and 1.31 W\/cm2 in H2\/Air have been achieved.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Luo et al. entitled \"Structure-Transport Relationships of Poly(aryl piperidinium) Anion-Exchange Membranes: Effect of Anions and Hydration\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the transfer of different anions across AEMs that are manufactured from poly(aryl piperidinium) resin. ostructure, hydration or water uptake as a function of the counter anion, phase-separation in regars of its polymer morphology, anion conductivity as a function of water content (vapor or liquid) and anion radius are some of the other aspects that have been discussed in this publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Zhao et al. entitled \"An Efficient Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell for Affordable Carbon-Neutral Transportation\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes economics of hydrogen, methanol, and ammonia as fuel for transportation applications, performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for direct ammonia fuel cell at 80 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Archrai et al. entitled \"A Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell with a KOH-Free Anode Feed Generating 180 mW cm-2 at 120 °C\" investigates the electrochemical performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for direct ammonia fuel cell at 120 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Endrodi et al. entitled \"High carbonate ion conductance of a robust PiperION membrane allows industrial current density and conversion in a zero-gap carbon dioxide electrolyzer cell\" investigates the electrochemical performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for electrochemical reduction of CO2 or carbon dioxide electrolyzer applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis study demonstrated that partial current densities of greater than 1 A\/cm2 can be achieved while maintaining high conversion (25-40%), selectivity (up to 90%), and low cell voltage (2.6-3.4 V).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eElectrochemical performance of anion exchange membranes would usually depend on the design of the electrochemical testing hardware, operational parameters, membrane thickness, catalyst loading and type, gas diffusion layer thickness and type, the way the MEA\/CCM manufactured and assembled, etc.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFuel Cell Store does not provide any warranties or guarantees for the performances obtained by other researchers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Larger Format and Bulk Pricing: PiperION® membranes are also manufactured in larger formats that what is listed here.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Versogen directly here if you need a larger dimension membrane and bulk pricing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that a current lead time of 2 - 4 weeks is to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION Membranes Thickness 20 micrometers Basis Weight ~22.6 g\/m2 Tensile Strength \u0026gt;30 MPa Young's Modulus \u0026gt;30 Elongation at Break (%) \u0026gt;20 Specific Gravity ~1.13 Ion Exchange Capacity ~2.35 meq\/g Conductivity ~150 mS\/cm (OH- form at 80 deg C) Swelling Ratio 8% (at 80 deg C in 1M KOH) Water Uptake 50% (at 80 deg C in 1M KOH) Ionic Form and Type Anionic (bicarbonate)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631639187782,"sku":"72010003","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x20","offer_id":54636708364614,"sku":"72010004","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"30x30","offer_id":54636708397382,"sku":"72010005","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/piperion-a15r-hco3-500x500_f52322a8-067d-4252-b222-c197688923ed.jpg?v=1749807781"},{"product_id":"piperion-anion-exchange-membrane-40-microns-selfsupporting","title":"PiperION® Anion Exchange Membrane, 40 microns, Self-Supporting","description":"\u003cp\u003eVersogen's 40 micrometers thick self-supporting anion exchange membrane sheets are currently offered in 5x5cm, 10x10cm and 20x20cm sizes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION® self-supporting AEMs are manufactured solely from the functionalized poly(aryl piperidinium) resin material and there is no mechanical reinforcement in them.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eHaving the entire membrane manufactured from 100% resin material makes this membrane category to have higher ionic conductivity compared to mechanically reinforced PiperION® AEM counterparts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn terms of mechanical robustness, mechanically reinforced PiperION® AEMs would provide higher performance compared to self-supporting PiperION® AEM counterparts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION® AEMs are manufactured from the functionalized poly(aryl piperidinium) polymer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe general chemical structure of the poly(aryl piperidinium) resin material is provided below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBenefits of Self-Supporting PiperION® AEMs: -Non-reinforced and high anionic conductivity -Excellent chemical stability in caustic and acidic environments (pH range of 1-14) -Ultra-thin membranes with superb performance for various alkaline fuel cell, alkaline electrolyzer, direct ammonia fuel cells, and other relevant electrochemical technologies Properties of Some of the Examplary Self-Supporting PiperION® AEMs (*): Thickness (micrometers) Tensile Strength (MPa) Young's Modulus Elongation at Break (%) IEC (meq\/g) Conductivity (mS\/cm, OH-, 80 °C) 20 \u0026gt;30 \u0026gt;30 \u0026gt;20 ~2.35 ~150 80 \u0026gt;50 \u0026gt;50 \u0026gt;100 ~2.35 ~150 *Some of the important properties of PiperION® membranes are provided in the table are for reference and example purposes only.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe values for 40 micrometers thick membrane is not currently disclosed, though it will be somewhere between the values of 20 micrometers and 80 micrometers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePre-treatment protocol: PiperION® membranes are shipped in the non-hydroxide form (more specifically in the bicarbonate form) and the proper pretreatment protocol needs to be followed in order to convert it to the desired anionic form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell or hydroxide exchange electrolysis applications or any other application that requires the hydroxide ion transfer across the membrane, the membrane should be converted from bicarbonate form into OH- form for optimal conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo convert the membrane to OH- form, place the membrane in an aqueous solution of 0.5 M NaOH or KOH for 1 h at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter 1 h, replace the solution with fresh 0.5 M NaOH or KOH and allow the membrane to soak for 1 h at room temperature again.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the two soaks, rinse the membrane with DI water (pH ~ 7).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMinimize exposure to ambient air, as the CO2 can exchange back into the membrane causing the membrane to convert back to bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe reaction between CO2 and hydroxide ions is purely chemical and it will readily happen if the OH- form of the membrane is exposed to an environment that has CO2 (such as ambient air, etc.).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis conversion can be completely eliminated by simply doing the conversion and testing in a CO2-free drybox environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor electrochemical reduction of CO2 or CO or in CO2 electrolysis applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PiperION® membrane is shipped in the bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are working with bicarbonate electrolytes in your setup, then there is no need to pretreat the membrane and it can be used in the as received form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are working with carbonate electrolytes, then the PiperION® membrane needs to be converted to carbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to achieve this, simply submerge the membrane in an aqueous solution of 0.1 - 0.5 M sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate for 12 h at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter then, replace the solution with fresh 0.1 - 0.5 M sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate and allow the membrane to soak for 12 h at room temperature again.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the two-three soaks, rinse the membrane with DI water (pH ~ 7).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of bicarbonate or carbonate electrolytes, if you are using KOH or NaOH type pure alkaline electrolytes in your CO2 reduction experiments, then you can simply follow the \"For standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications\" protocol for converting the membrane to OH- form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to the assembly of the membrane into the electrochemical device or setup, the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 0.1 to 0.5 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 12-24 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOr if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions across the membrane, then PiperION® AEM needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA neutral salt solution of 0.1 to 0.5M Na2SO4 or K2SO4 would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 12-24 hours at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is always suggested to repeat the submersion process for 2-3 times in order to achieve close to 100% conversion and then rinse it with copious amount of deionized water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientific Literature for Various Use of Versogen Membranes and Dispersion Products: The article by Wang et al. entitled \"Poly(aryl piperidinium) membranes and ionomers for hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the polymer chemistry and fuel cell operation of PiperION® membranes with hydrogen and CO2-free air reactants at a temperature of 95 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis article also investigates the ionic conductivity, chemical stability, mechanical robustness, gas separation, and selective solubility aspects of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Wang et al. entitled \"High-Performance Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells THrough Optimization of Relative Humidity, Backpressure, and Catalyst Selection\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the polymer chemistry and fuel cell operation of PiperION® membranes under different operational parameters in order to eliminate the anode flooding and cathode drying out issues in order to achieve a blanced water management.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith further optimization on the catalyst, a peak power density of 1.89 W\/cm2 in H2\/O2 and 1.31 W\/cm2 in H2\/Air have been achieved.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Luo et al. entitled \"Structure-Transport Relationships of Poly(aryl piperidinium) Anion-Exchange Membranes: Effect of Anions and Hydration\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the transfer of different anions across AEMs that are manufactured from poly(aryl piperidinium) resin. ostructure, hydration or water uptake as a function of the counter anion, phase-separation in regars of its polymer morphology, anion conductivity as a function of water content (vapor or liquid) and anion radius are some of the other aspects that have been discussed in this publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Zhao et al. entitled \"An Efficient Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell for Affordable Carbon-Neutral Transportation\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes economics of hydrogen, methanol, and ammonia as fuel for transportation applications, performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for direct ammonia fuel cell at 80 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Archrai et al. entitled \"A Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell with a KOH-Free Anode Feed Generating 180 mW cm-2 at 120 °C\" investigates the electrochemical performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for direct ammonia fuel cell at 120 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Endrodi et al. entitled \"High carbonate ion conductance of a robust PiperION membrane allows industrial current density and conversion in a zero-gap carbon dioxide electrolyzer cell\" investigates the electrochemical performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for electrochemical reduction of CO2 or carbon dioxide electrolyzer applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis study demonstrated that partial current densities of greater than 1 A\/cm2 can be achieved while maintaining high conversion (25-40%), selectivity (up to 90%), and low cell voltage (2.6-3.4 V).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eElectrochemical performance of anion exchange membranes would usually depend on the design of the electrochemical testing hardware, operational parameters, membrane thickness, catalyst loading and type, gas diffusion layer thickness and type, the way the MEA\/CCM manufactured and assembled, etc.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFuel Cell Store does not provide any warranties or guarantees for the performances obtained by other researchers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Larger Format and Bulk Pricing: PiperION® membranes are also manufactured in larger formats that what is listed here.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Versogen directly here if you need a larger dimension membrane and bulk pricing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that a current lead time of 2 - 4 weeks is to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION Membranes Thickness 40 micrometers Basis Weight Not disclosed Tensile Strength Not disclosed Young's Modulus Not disclosed Elongation at Break (%) Not disclosed Specific Gravity Not disclosed Ion Exchange Capacity Not disclosed Conductivity Not disclosed Swelling Ratio Not disclosed Water Uptake Not disclosed Ionic Form and Type Anionic (bicarbonate)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631639318854,"sku":"72010007","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x20","offer_id":54636708495686,"sku":"72010008","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"30x30","offer_id":54636708528454,"sku":"72010009","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/piperion-a15r-hco3-500x500_aa0c3ddb-abff-45ab-b07f-be1a210bb6b1.jpg?v=1749807781"},{"product_id":"piperion-anion-exchange-membrane-60-microns-selfsupporting","title":"PiperION® Anion Exchange Membrane, 60 microns, Self-Supporting","description":"\u003cp\u003eVersogen's 60 micrometers thick self-supporting anion exchange membrane sheets are currently offered in 5x5cm, 10x10cm and 20x20cm sizes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION® self-supporting AEMs are manufactured solely from the functionalized poly(aryl piperidinium) resin material and there is no mechanical reinforcement in them.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eHaving the entire membrane manufactured from 100% resin material makes this membrane category to have higher ionic conductivity compared to mechanically reinforced PiperION® AEM counterparts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn terms of mechanical robustness, mechanically reinforced PiperION® AEMs would provide higher performance compared to self-supporting PiperION® AEM counterparts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION® AEMs are manufactured from the functionalized poly(aryl piperidinium) polymer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe general chemical structure of the poly(aryl piperidinium) resin material is provided below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBenefits of Self-Supporting PiperION® AEMs: -Non-reinforced and high anionic conductivity -Excellent chemical stability in caustic and acidic environments (pH range of 1-14) -Ultra-thin membranes with superb performance for various alkaline fuel cell, alkaline electrolyzer, direct ammonia fuel cells, and other relevant electrochemical technologies Properties of Some of the Examplary Self-Supporting PiperION® AEMs (*): Thickness (micrometers) Tensile Strength (MPa) Young's Modulus Elongation at Break (%) IEC (meq\/g) Conductivity (mS\/cm, OH-, 80 °C) 20 \u0026gt;30 \u0026gt;30 \u0026gt;20 ~2.35 ~150 80 \u0026gt;50 \u0026gt;50 \u0026gt;100 ~2.35 ~150 *Some of the important properties of PiperION® membranes are provided in the table are for reference and example purposes only.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe values for 60 micrometers thick membrane is not currently disclosed, though it will be somewhere between the values of 20 micrometers and 80 micrometers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePre-treatment protocol: PiperION® membranes are shipped in the non-hydroxide form (more specifically in the bicarbonate form) and the proper pretreatment protocol needs to be followed in order to convert it to the desired anionic form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell or hydroxide exchange electrolysis applications or any other application that requires the hydroxide ion transfer across the membrane, the membrane should be converted from bicarbonate form into OH- form for optimal conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo convert the membrane to OH- form, place the membrane in an aqueous solution of 0.5 M NaOH or KOH for 1 h at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter 1 h, replace the solution with fresh 0.5 M NaOH or KOH and allow the membrane to soak for 1 h at room temperature again.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the two soaks, rinse the membrane with DI water (pH ~ 7).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMinimize exposure to ambient air, as the CO2 can exchange back into the membrane causing the membrane to convert back to bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe reaction between CO2 and hydroxide ions is purely chemical and it will readily happen if the OH- form of the membrane is exposed to an environment that has CO2 (such as ambient air, etc.).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis conversion can be completely eliminated by simply doing the conversion and testing in a CO2-free drybox environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor electrochemical reduction of CO2 or CO or in CO2 electrolysis applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PiperION® membrane is shipped in the bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are working with bicarbonate electrolytes in your setup, then there is no need to pretreat the membrane and it can be used in the as received form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are working with carbonate electrolytes, then the PiperION® membrane needs to be converted to carbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to achieve this, simply submerge the membrane in an aqueous solution of 0.1 - 0.5 M sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate for 12 h at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter then, replace the solution with fresh 0.1 - 0.5 M sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate and allow the membrane to soak for 12 h at room temperature again.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the two-three soaks, rinse the membrane with DI water (pH ~ 7).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of bicarbonate or carbonate electrolytes, if you are using KOH or NaOH type pure alkaline electrolytes in your CO2 reduction experiments, then you can simply follow the \"For standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications\" protocol for converting the membrane to OH- form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to the assembly of the membrane into the electrochemical device or setup, the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 0.1 to 0.5 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 12-24 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOr if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions across the membrane, then PiperION® AEM needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA neutral salt solution of 0.1 to 0.5M Na2SO4 or K2SO4 would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 12-24 hours at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is always suggested to repeat the submersion process for 2-3 times in order to achieve close to 100% conversion and then rinse it with copious amount of deionized water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientific Literature for Various Use of Versogen Membranes and Dispersion Products: The article by Wang et al. entitled \"Poly(aryl piperidinium) membranes and ionomers for hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the polymer chemistry and fuel cell operation of PiperION® membranes with hydrogen and CO2-free air reactants at a temperature of 95 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis article also investigates the ionic conductivity, chemical stability, mechanical robustness, gas separation, and selective solubility aspects of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Wang et al. entitled \"High-Performance Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells THrough Optimization of Relative Humidity, Backpressure, and Catalyst Selection\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the polymer chemistry and fuel cell operation of PiperION® membranes under different operational parameters in order to eliminate the anode flooding and cathode drying out issues in order to achieve a blanced water management.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith further optimization on the catalyst, a peak power density of 1.89 W\/cm2 in H2\/O2 and 1.31 W\/cm2 in H2\/Air have been achieved.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Luo et al. entitled \"Structure-Transport Relationships of Poly(aryl piperidinium) Anion-Exchange Membranes: Effect of Anions and Hydration\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the transfer of different anions across AEMs that are manufactured from poly(aryl piperidinium) resin. ostructure, hydration or water uptake as a function of the counter anion, phase-separation in regars of its polymer morphology, anion conductivity as a function of water content (vapor or liquid) and anion radius are some of the other aspects that have been discussed in this publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Zhao et al. entitled \"An Efficient Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell for Affordable Carbon-Neutral Transportation\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes economics of hydrogen, methanol, and ammonia as fuel for transportation applications, performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for direct ammonia fuel cell at 80 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Archrai et al. entitled \"A Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell with a KOH-Free Anode Feed Generating 180 mW cm-2 at 120 °C\" investigates the electrochemical performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for direct ammonia fuel cell at 120 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Endrodi et al. entitled \"High carbonate ion conductance of a robust PiperION membrane allows industrial current density and conversion in a zero-gap carbon dioxide electrolyzer cell\" investigates the electrochemical performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for electrochemical reduction of CO2 or carbon dioxide electrolyzer applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis study demonstrated that partial current densities of greater than 1 A\/cm2 can be achieved while maintaining high conversion (25-40%), selectivity (up to 90%), and low cell voltage (2.6-3.4 V).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eElectrochemical performance of anion exchange membranes would usually depend on the design of the electrochemical testing hardware, operational parameters, membrane thickness, catalyst loading and type, gas diffusion layer thickness and type, the way the MEA\/CCM manufactured and assembled, etc.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFuel Cell Store does not provide any warranties or guarantees for the performances obtained by other researchers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Larger Format and Bulk Pricing: PiperION® membranes are also manufactured in larger formats that what is listed here.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Versogen directly here if you need a larger dimension membrane and bulk pricing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that a current lead time of 2 - 4 weeks is to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION Membranes Thickness 60 micrometers Basis Weight Not disclosed Tensile Strength Not disclosed Young's Modulus Not disclosed Elongation at Break (%) Not disclosed Specific Gravity Not disclosed Ion Exchange Capacity Not disclosed Conductivity Not disclosed Swelling Ratio Not disclosed Water Uptake Not disclosed Ionic Form and Type Anionic (bicarbonate)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631639384390,"sku":"72010011","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x20","offer_id":54636708626758,"sku":"72010012","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"30x30","offer_id":54636708659526,"sku":"72010013","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/piperion-a15r-hco3-500x500_28b58cea-bea7-4e61-b198-cbfedc06ca13.jpg?v=1749807780"},{"product_id":"piperion-anion-exchange-membrane-80-microns-selfsupporting","title":"PiperION® Anion Exchange Membrane, 80 microns, Self-Supporting","description":"\u003cp\u003eVersogen's 80 micrometers thick self-supporting anion exchange membrane sheets are currently offered in 5x5cm, and 10x10cm and 20x20cm sizes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION® self-supporting AEMs are manufactured solely from the functionalized poly(aryl piperidinium) resin material and there is no mechanical reinforcement in them.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eHaving the entire membrane manufactured from 100% resin material makes this membrane category to have higher ionic conductivity compared to mechanically reinforced PiperION® AEM counterparts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn terms of mechanical robustness, mechanically reinforced PiperION® AEMs would provide higher performance compared to self-supporting PiperION® AEM counterparts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION® AEMs are manufactured from the functionalized poly(aryl piperidinium) polymer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe general chemical structure of the poly(aryl piperidinium) resin material is provided below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBenefits of Self-Supporting PiperION® AEMs: -Non-reinforced and high anionic conductivity -Excellent chemical stability in caustic and acidic environments (pH range of 1-14) -Ultra-thin membranes with superb performance for various alkaline fuel cell, alkaline electrolyzer, direct ammonia fuel cells, and other relevant electrochemical technologies Properties of the Self-Supporting PiperION® AEMs (*): Thickness (micrometers) Tensile Strength (MPa) Young's Modulus Elongation at Break (%) IEC (meq\/g) Conductivity (mS\/cm, OH-, 80 °C) 20 \u0026gt;30 \u0026gt;30 \u0026gt;20 ~2.35 ~150 80 \u0026gt;50 \u0026gt;50 \u0026gt;100 ~2.35 ~150 *Some of the important properties of PiperION® membranes are provided in the table are for reference and example purposes only.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePre-treatment protocol: PiperION® membranes are shipped in the non-hydroxide form (more specifically in the bicarbonate form) and the proper pretreatment protocol needs to be followed in order to convert it to the desired anionic form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell or hydroxide exchange electrolysis applications or any other application that requires the hydroxide ion transfer across the membrane, the membrane should be converted from bicarbonate form into OH- form for optimal conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo convert the membrane to OH- form, place the membrane in an aqueous solution of 0.5 M NaOH or KOH for 1 h at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter 1 h, replace the solution with fresh 0.5 M NaOH or KOH and allow the membrane to soak for 1 h at room temperature again.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the two soaks, rinse the membrane with DI water (pH ~ 7).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMinimize exposure to ambient air, as the CO2 can exchange back into the membrane causing the membrane to convert back to bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe reaction between CO2 and hydroxide ions is purely chemical and it will readily happen if the OH- form of the membrane is exposed to an environment that has CO2 (such as ambient air, etc.).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis conversion can be completely eliminated by simply doing the conversion and testing in a CO2-free drybox environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor electrochemical reduction of CO2 or CO or in CO2 electrolysis applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PiperION® membrane is shipped in the bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are working with bicarbonate electrolytes in your setup, then there is no need to pretreat the membrane and it can be used in the as received form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are working with carbonate electrolytes, then the PiperION® membrane needs to be converted to carbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to achieve this, simply submerge the membrane in an aqueous solution of 0.1 - 0.5 M sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate for 12 h at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter then, replace the solution with fresh 0.1 - 0.5 M sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate and allow the membrane to soak for 12 h at room temperature again.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the two-three soaks, rinse the membrane with DI water (pH ~ 7).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of bicarbonate or carbonate electrolytes, if you are using KOH or NaOH type pure alkaline electrolytes in your CO2 reduction experiments, then you can simply follow the \"For standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications\" protocol for converting the membrane to OH- form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to the assembly of the membrane into the electrochemical device or setup, the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 0.1 to 0.5 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 12-24 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOr if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions across the membrane, then PiperION® AEM needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA neutral salt solution of 0.1 to 0.5M Na2SO4 or K2SO4 would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 12-24 hours at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is always suggested to repeat the submersion process for 2-3 times in order to achieve close to 100% conversion and then rinse it with copious amount of deionized water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientific Literature for Various Use of Versogen Membranes and Dispersion Products: The article by Wang et al. entitled \"Poly(aryl piperidinium) membranes and ionomers for hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the polymer chemistry and fuel cell operation of PiperION® membranes with hydrogen and CO2-free air reactants at a temperature of 95 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis article also investigates the ionic conductivity, chemical stability, mechanical robustness, gas separation, and selective solubility aspects of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Wang et al. entitled \"High-Performance Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells THrough Optimization of Relative Humidity, Backpressure, and Catalyst Selection\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the polymer chemistry and fuel cell operation of PiperION® membranes under different operational parameters in order to eliminate the anode flooding and cathode drying out issues in order to achieve a blanced water management.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith further optimization on the catalyst, a peak power density of 1.89 W\/cm2 in H2\/O2 and 1.31 W\/cm2 in H2\/Air have been achieved.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Luo et al. entitled \"Structure-Transport Relationships of Poly(aryl piperidinium) Anion-Exchange Membranes: Effect of Anions and Hydration\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the transfer of different anions across AEMs that are manufactured from poly(aryl piperidinium) resin. ostructure, hydration or water uptake as a function of the counter anion, phase-separation in regars of its polymer morphology, anion conductivity as a function of water content (vapor or liquid) and anion radius are some of the other aspects that have been discussed in this publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Zhao et al. entitled \"An Efficient Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell for Affordable Carbon-Neutral Transportation\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes economics of hydrogen, methanol, and ammonia as fuel for transportation applications, performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for direct ammonia fuel cell at 80 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Archrai et al. entitled \"A Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell with a KOH-Free Anode Feed Generating 180 mW cm-2 at 120 °C\" investigates the electrochemical performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for direct ammonia fuel cell at 120 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Endrodi et al. entitled \"High carbonate ion conductance of a robust PiperION membrane allows industrial current density and conversion in a zero-gap carbon dioxide electrolyzer cell\" investigates the electrochemical performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for electrochemical reduction of CO2 or carbon dioxide electrolyzer applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis study demonstrated that partial current densities of greater than 1 A\/cm2 can be achieved while maintaining high conversion (25-40%), selectivity (up to 90%), and low cell voltage (2.6-3.4 V).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eElectrochemical performance of anion exchange membranes would usually depend on the design of the electrochemical testing hardware, operational parameters, membrane thickness, catalyst loading and type, gas diffusion layer thickness and type, the way the MEA\/CCM manufactured and assembled, etc.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFuel Cell Store does not provide any warranties or guarantees for the performances obtained by other researchers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Larger Format and Bulk Pricing: PiperION® membranes are also manufactured in larger formats that what is listed here.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Versogen directly here if you need a larger dimension membrane and bulk pricing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that a current lead time of 2 - 4 weeks is to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION Membranes Thickness 80 micrometers Basis Weight ~90.4 g\/m2 Tensile Strength \u0026gt;50 MPa Young's Modulus \u0026gt;50 Elongation at Break (%) \u0026gt;100 Specific Gravity ~1.13 Ion Exchange Capacity ~2.35 meq\/g Conductivity ~150 mS\/cm (OH- form at 80 deg C) Swelling Ratio 8% (at 80 deg C in 1M KOH) Water Uptake 50% (at 80 deg C in 1M KOH) Ionic Form and Type Anionic (bicarbonate)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631639449926,"sku":"72010015","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x20","offer_id":54636708725062,"sku":"72010016","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"30x30","offer_id":54636708757830,"sku":"72010017","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/piperion-a15r-hco3-500x500_e13a887e-d04f-421e-8a3f-a9081ddd6c7f.jpg?v=1749807780"},{"product_id":"piperion-anion-exchange-membrane-15-microns-gen2-mechanically-reinforced","title":"PiperION® Anion Exchange Membrane, 15 microns (Gen2), Mechanically Reinforced","description":"\u003cp\u003eVersogen's 15 micrometers (Gen2) thick mechanically reinforced anion exchange is the newer version of the previously offered 15 microns thick mechanically reinforced anion exchange membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe second generation membrane product has higher ionic condictivity and other superior properties compared to the first generation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION® mechanically reinforced AEMs are manufactured from the functionalized poly(aryl piperidinium) resin material and microporous ePTFE reinforcement in order to yield anAEM with excellent mechanical durability and reduced overall swelling or minimal physical dimension change.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMechanically reinforced membranes can sometimes be called as composite membranes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn terms of mechanical robustness, mechanically reinforced PiperION® AEMs would provide higher performance compared to self-supporting PiperION® AEM counterparts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn terms of ionic conductivity, since part of the mechanical reinforced membranes are composed of inert ePTFE, their ionic conductivities would be slightly lower than the self-supporting PiperION® membranes of the same thickness.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ionically conductive part of the mechanically reinforced PiperION® AEMs are manufactured from the functionalized poly(aryl piperidinium) polymer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe general chemical structure of the poly(aryl piperidinium) resin material is provided below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBenefits of Mechanically Reinforced PiperION® AEMs: -ePTFE based mechanical reinforcement provides excellent mechanical strength -Low swelling and reduced physical dimension change -Excellent chemical stability in caustic and acidic environments (pH range of 1-14) -Ultra-thin membranes with superb performance for various alkaline fuel cell, alkaline electrolyzer, direct ammonia fuel cells, and other relevant electrochemical technologies Pre-treatment Protocol: PiperION® membranes are shipped in the non-hydroxide form ( more specifically in the bicarbonate form) and the proper pretreatment protocol needs to be followed in order to convert it to the desired anionic form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell or hydroxide exchange electrolysis applications or any other application that requires the hydroxide ion transfer across the membrane, the membrane should be converted from bicarbonate form into OH- form for optimal conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo convert the membrane to OH- form, place the membrane in an aqueous solution of 0.5 M NaOH or KOH for 1 h at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter 1 h, replace the solution with fresh 0.5 M NaOH or KOH and allow the membrane to soak for 1 h at room temperature again.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the two soaks, rinse the membrane with DI water (pH ~ 7).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMinimize exposure to ambient air, as the CO2 can exchange back into the membrane causing the membrane to convert back to bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe reaction between CO2 and hydroxide ions is purely chemical and it will readily happen if the OH- form of the membrane is exposed to an environment that has CO2 (such as ambient air, etc.).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis conversion can be completely eliminated by simply doing the conversion and testing in a CO2-free drybox environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor electrochemical reduction of CO2 or CO or in CO2 electrolysis applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PiperION® membrane is shipped in the bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are working with bicarbonate electrolytes in your setup, then there is no need to pretreat the membrane and it can be used in the as received form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are working with carbonate electrolytes, then the PiperION® membrane needs to be converted to carbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to achieve this, simply submerge the membrane in an aqueous solution of 0.1 - 0.5 M sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate for 12 h at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter then, replace the solution with fresh 0.1 - 0.5 M sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate and allow the membrane to soak for 12 h at room temperature again.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the two-three soaks, rinse the membrane with DI water (pH ~ 7).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of bicarbonate or carbonate electrolytes, if you are using KOH or NaOH type pure alkaline electrolytes in your CO2 reduction experiments, then you can simply follow the \"For standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications\" protocol for converting the membrane to OH- form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications: Allow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to the assembly of the membrane into the electrochemical device or setup, the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 0.1 to 0.5 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 12-24 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOr if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions across the membrane, then PiperION® AEM needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA neutral salt solution of 0.1 to 0.5M Na2SO4 or K2SO4 would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 12-24 hours at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is always suggested to repeat the submersion process for 2-3 times in order to achieve close to 100% conversion and then rinse it with copious amount of deionized water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientific Literature for Various Use of Versogen Membranes and Dispersion Products: The article by Wang et al. entitled \"Poly(aryl piperidinium) membranes and ionomers for hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the polymer chemistry and fuel cell operation of PiperION® membranes with hydrogen and CO2-free air reactants at a temperature of 95 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis article also investigates the ionic conductivity, chemical stability, mechanical robustness, gas separation, and selective solubility aspects of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Wang et al. entitled \"High-Performance Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells THrough Optimization of Relative Humidity, Backpressure, and Catalyst Selection\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the polymer chemistry and fuel cell operation of PiperION® membranes under different operational parameters in order to eliminate the anode flooding and cathode drying out issues in order to achieve a blanced water management.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith further optimization on the catalyst, a peak power density of 1.89 W\/cm2 in H2\/O2 and 1.31 W\/cm2 in H2\/Air have been achieved.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Luo et al. entitled \"Structure-Transport Relationships of Poly(aryl piperidinium) Anion-Exchange Membranes: Effect of Anions and Hydration\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes the transfer of different anions across AEMs that are manufactured from poly(aryl piperidinium) resin. ostructure, hydration or water uptake as a function of the counter anion, phase-separation in regars of its polymer morphology, anion conductivity as a function of water content (vapor or liquid) and anion radius are some of the other aspects that have been discussed in this publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Zhao et al. entitled \"An Efficient Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell for Affordable Carbon-Neutral Transportation\" is considered to be an excellent source that describes economics of hydrogen, methanol, and ammonia as fuel for transportation applications, performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for direct ammonia fuel cell at 80 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Archrai et al. entitled \"A Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell with a KOH-Free Anode Feed Generating 180 mW cm-2 at 120 °C\" investigates the electrochemical performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for direct ammonia fuel cell at 120 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe article by Endrodi et al. entitled \"High carbonate ion conductance of a robust PiperION membrane allows industrial current density and conversion in a zero-gap carbon dioxide electrolyzer cell\" investigates the electrochemical performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for electrochemical reduction of CO2 or carbon dioxide electrolyzer applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis study demonstrated that partial current densities of greater than 1 A\/cm2 can be achieved while maintaining high conversion (25-40%), selectivity (up to 90%), and low cell voltage (2.6-3.4 V).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eElectrochemical performance of anion exchange membranes would usually depend on the design of the electrochemical testing hardware, operational parameters, membrane thickness, catalyst loading and type, gas diffusion layer thickness and type, the way the MEA\/CCM manufactured and assembled, etc.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFuel Cell Store does not provide any warranties or guarantees for the performances obtained by other researchers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor Larger Format and Bulk Pricing: PiperION® membranes are also manufactured in larger formats that what is listed here.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Versogen directly here if you need a larger dimension membrane and bulk pricing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that a current lead time of 2 - 4 weeks is to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION Membranes Thickness 15 micrometers Basis Weight Undisclosed Tensile Strength Undisclosed Young's Modulus Undisclosed Elongation at Break (%) Undisclosed Specific Gravity Undisclosed Ion Exchange Capacity Undisclosed Conductivity Undisclosed Swelling Ratio Undisclosed Water Uptake Undisclosed Ionic Form and Type Anionic (Bicarbonate)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631642136902,"sku":"72010017","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x20","offer_id":54636708790598,"sku":"72010018","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/piperion-a15r-hco3-500x500_6949bbc7-ec48-419c-9f09-db79a445a4f3.jpg?v=1749807779"},{"product_id":"pnbr45-high-performance-anion-exchange-membrane","title":"PNB„¢-R45 High Performance Anion Exchange Membrane","description":"General Information: PNBâ„¢-R45 anion exchange membrane are robust and mechanically reinforced for their form factor, manufactured with PFAS-free polynorbornene ion-conductive polymer.\n\nThe mechanical reinforcement makes the membranes tough, easy-to-handle, and suitable for pressurized or unpressurized systems.The ion-conducting portion of the PNBâ„¢-R45 membrane is based on the functionalized norbornene chemistry which has very high anion conductivity compared to other equivalent materials in the market, has excellent chemically and mechanically stability and ideal for demanding applications.\n\nThe PNBâ„¢-R45 series Membrane has an ion exchange capacity of 3.5 meq\/g and is lightly cross-linked to controlwater uptake.\n\nCustom PNBâ„¢ membranes with lower or higher ion exchange capacity (such as IEC 1.5 to 4.0) and\/or higher or lower water uptake can be made via changing the degree of crosslinking and for such custom inquiries, please contact us at sales@fuelcellstore.com and there will be minimum order quantity for such customized requests.\n\n\n\nApplications:\n Anion exchange membrane based alkaline water electrolyzers (with concentration being in the range of 0 to 1 Molar), anion exchange membrane based alkaline fuel cells, and other similar electrochemical applications.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Use proper protective gloves (powder free) while handling the membrane in a clean area.\n\nThe membranes are shipped in a pH-neutral form (i.e., bromide anion).\n\n\n\nStorage:\n The membrane is shipped dry with bromide counter-ion and can be stored for an unlimited amount of time as-received.\n\nSome color change may occur when the membrane is hydrated which does not affect its conductivity or performance.\n\nThe bromide counter-ion can be exchanged for other anions, including hydroxide ions.\n\nThe membrane can also be stored hydrated or wet.\n\nThe membrane can be dried with halide, nitrate or (bi)carbonate counter-ion but not dried with hydroxide counter-ion due to the resulting extreme pH.\n\nPretreatment for Electrolysis or Fuel Cell \n\nApplications:\n PNB AEMs are provided hydrated and in bromide form.\n\nTo exchange the bromide for hydroxide ions, soak the membrane in a 1.0 M KOH or NaOH solution for several hours.\n\nRinse with DI water prior to use to remove any surface hydroxide salt.\n\nNote, carbon dioxide in the air may convert some of the hydroxide to (bi)carbonate, which can be reversed by soaking in hydroxide solution.\n\nIf you have any questions about storage, performance and pretreatment, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nPNBâ„¢-R45 Technical Data Sheet A typical lead time of 1 - 2 weeks to be expected for this product.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange 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94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. 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High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane","description":"Please note that this material has been discontinued.\n\nPolycation-PBI based iPEM Membrane: iPEM is a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane that utilizes the synergy between quaternized polysulfone (with benzyl pyridinium cation) and PBI in the form of a blend membrane with excellent proton conductivity across a wide temperature range (-20 deg Celsius to 250 deg Celsius), which makes this novel and advanced proton exchange membrane ideal for high temperature electrochemical devices such as fuel cells (HT-PEMFC) and hydrogen pumps and numerous other applications.\n\nThis membrane is also known as polycation-polybenzimidazole (polycation-PBI) membrane in the market.\n\nPolymer composition for this polycation-PBI membrane product is given on the right side.\n\nPolycation-PBI membranes provide excellent acid retention feature due to strong ion-pair interactions between the quaternized polymer component (in this case polysulfone) and PBI, high in-plane and through-plane proton conductivity, excellent thermal stability, and resiliency to water vapor during the operation of the electrochemical devices.\n\nThe electrostatic interaction between the quaternary benzyl pyridinium cations tethered to the polysulfone and phosphate anions of the phosphoric acid is ~8X stronger compared to acid-base interaction between benzimidazole-phosphoric acid systems.\n\nIt is this stronger interaction between quaternary benzyl pyridinium cations tethered to the polysulfone and phosphate anions (of the phosphoric acid) that drastically minimizes the acid leaching under high humidity conditions or low temperature startup conditions, and hence enables significantly much longer operational lifetime compared to the conventional acid doped PBI membrane systems. iPEM \n\nFeatures:\n -Thickness: 60 microns +\/- 15 microns -Sizes offered currently: 10cm x 10cm, 15cm x 15cm -Proton conductivity: \u0026gt;100 mS\/cm at 150 deg Celsius -Membrane type: Proton conductor -Membrane color: Cloudy\/Orange -\n\nApplications:\n High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC) and high temperature hydrogen pumps Electrochemical Performance of iPEM Membrane in Various Electrochemical Setups: iPEM membrane's fuel cell related IV curves (also known as polarization curves or IE curves) for H2\/O2, H2\/Air, and H2-CO\/O2 reactants are given below, on the left side (courtesy of Gokul Venugopalan et al.).\n\nHydrogen pump related performance curve with syngas is given below, on the right side (courtesy of Gokul Venugopalan et al.).\n\nScientific Literature Related to This Product: An article by Gokul Venugopalan et al. entitled \"Stable and highly conductive polycation-polybenzimidazole membrane blends for intermediate temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells\" that discusses phosphoric acid uptake, per base moiety, ion exchange capacity, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and electrochemical performance in a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell environment (with H2\/O2, H2\/Air, and reformate\/O2 reactants), IV curves of up to 2.5 A\/cm2 current densities, longevity test with pure H2 and reformate streams at current densities of 1 A\/cm2 to 1.5A\/cm2 range, and other characterization results.\n\nAn article by Ardalan Chaichi et al. entitled \"A solid-state and flexible supercapacitor that operates across a wide temperature range\" that invesigates the use of polycation-PBI blend membrane specifically for supercapacitors within a wide temperature range (from -25 deg C to 220 deg C) with an ionic conductivity of 50 mS\/cm to 278 mS\/cm (dependent on the temperature) and demonstration of power densities in the range of 90 to 125 mW\/cm2 with reduced graphene oxide electrodes.\n\nAn article by Gokul Venugopalan et al. entitled \"Electrochemical pumping for challenging hydrogen separations\" that invesigates the use of polycation-PBI blend membrane specifically for hydrogen separation\/purification from a fuel\/reformate stream with other species such as CO, CO2, CH4, N2 and achieving high purity and high recovery rates for H2.\n\nManufacturer Provided Technical Documentation Related to This Product: iPEM High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Brochure iPEM High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Product Sheet iPEM High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane SDS\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631648198982,"sku":"96000100","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/ipem1-228x228.jpg?v=1749807769"},{"product_id":"purionx-111-mechanically-reinforced-anion-exchange-membrane-8x8","title":"PurionX -111 Mechanically Reinforced Anion Exchange Membrane - (8\"x8\")","description":"General Information: PurionXâ„¢-111 is a mechanically reinforced Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) with good hydroxyl anion conductivity, excellent mechanical stability, and high chemical stability in caustic or alkaline and oxidative environments.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin and it has a thickness of 50~55 micrometers and currently offered in sheet form with physical dimensions of 8\" by 8\" (with a tolerance of +\/-0.2\").\n\nThe ideal alkaline electrolyte concentration for use with this anion exchange membrane is 1M (or 1 Molar).\n\nYet, the membrane still performs well under conditions with less than 1M or pure water or greater than 1M concentration of electrolyte.\n\nThe estimated longevity\/stability for this AEM product in 1M alkaline electrolyte is greater than 15000 hours at a temperature of 80 deg C.\n\nApplication: AEM Electrolyzer, AEM fuel cell, Electrodialysis, water treatment and others.\n\nAdvantage: High performance, scalable, low cost and highly durable AEM to help our customers to achieve high performance and long-term stability in their applications at a reasonable cost.\n\nDelivery: Delivered in the wet form and individually packaged inside heat sealed poly bags.\n\nHandling and \n\nStorage:\n Keep membrane package closed\/sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean, dust-free environment.\n\nOnly use new and sharp blades when cutting the membrane.\n\nGloves should be worn when handling the membrane.\n\nThe membrane should be handled with care: do not puncture, crease, or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks may occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, treatment, storage, and installation should be smooth, clean and free of sharp projections.\n\nLong term storage (\u0026gt;12 months) can be done in either dry or wet form with a sealed container.\n\nWet form storage: Soak the membrane in DI water, neutral pH or alkaline aqueous electrolytes (e.g.\n\nNaCl, KOH).\n\nPretreatment: The following procedure can be used to make the OH- form: (1) soak the membrane in 1M KOH in a closed container for over 12 hrs, (2) then rinse with deionized water copious time until pH neutral.\n\nThe AEM in OH- form should be used in making the cell quickly or be stored in a sealed container in deionized water to avoid exposure to ambient CO2.\n\nExposure of the hydroxyl form of the membrane to ambient carbon dioxide will naturally convert the hydroxyl anions in the membrane to carbonate as a result of the chemical reaction between these two species.\n\nCarbonate form of any anion exchange membrane would have significantly lower ionic conductivity for typical alkaline electrochemical cells and this needs to be avoided especially the researcher is planning to use the membrane for alkaline fuel cell application.\n\nIf you have any questions about storage, performance and pretreatment, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nPurionX-111 Technical Data Sheet A typical lead time of 2 - 4 weeks to be expected for this product.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631648690502,"sku":"99010012","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/PurionX111b-reduced-2-500x500.png?v=1749807767"},{"product_id":"purionx-121-mechanically-reinforced-anion-exchange-membrane-8x8","title":"PurionX -121 Mechanically Reinforced Anion Exchange Membrane - (8\"x8\")","description":"General Information: PurionXâ„¢-121 is a mechanically reinforced Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) with good hydroxyl anion conductivity, excellent mechanical stability, and high chemical stability in caustic or alkaline and oxidative environments.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin and it has a dry thickness of ~40 micrometers and currently offered in sheet form with physical dimensions of 8\" by 8\" (with a tolerance of +\/-0.2\").\n\nThe ideal alkaline electrolyte concentration for use with this anion exchange membrane is 1M (or 1 Molar).\n\nYet, the membrane still performs well under conditions with less than 1M or pure water or greater than 1M concentration of electrolyte.\n\nThe estimated longevity for this product in 1M alkaline environment at a temperature of 80 deg C is greater than 12000 hours.\n\nApplication: AEM Electrolyzer, AEM fuel cell, Electrodialysis, water treatment and others.\n\nAdvantage: High performance, scalable, low cost and highly durable AEM to help our customers to achieve high performance and long-term stability in their applications at a reasonable cost.\n\nDelivery: Delivered in the wet form and individually packaged inside heat sealed poly bags.\n\nHandling and \n\nStorage:\n Keep membrane package closed\/sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean, dust-free environment.\n\nOnly use new and sharp blades when cutting the membrane.\n\nGloves should be worn when handling the membrane.\n\nThe membrane should be handled with care: do not puncture, crease, or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks may occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, treatment, storage, and installation should be smooth, clean and free of sharp projections.\n\nLong term storage (\u0026gt;12 months) can be done in either dry or wet form with a sealed container.\n\nWet form storage: Soak the membrane in DI water, neutral pH or alkaline aqueous electrolytes (e.g.\n\nNaCl, KOH).\n\nPretreatment: The following procedure can be used to make the OH- form: (1) soak the membrane in 1M KOH in a closed container for over 12 hrs, (2) then rinse with deionized water copious time until pH neutral.\n\nThe AEM in OH- form should be used in making the cell quickly or be stored in a sealed container in deionized water to avoid exposure to ambient CO2.\n\nExposure of the hydroxyl form of the membrane to ambient carbon dioxide will naturally convert the hydroxyl anions in the membrane to carbonate as a result of the chemical reaction between these two species.\n\nCarbonate form of any anion exchange membrane would have significantly lower ionic conductivity for typical alkaline electrochemical cells and this needs to be avoided especially the researcher is planning to use the membrane for alkaline fuel cell application.\n\nIf you have any questions about storage, performance and pretreatment, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nPurionX-121 Technical Data Sheet A typical lead time of 2 - 4 weeks to be expected for this product.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631648887110,"sku":"99010013","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/PurionX111b-reduced-2-500x500.png?v=1749807767"},{"product_id":"purionx-116-mechanically-reinforced-anion-exchange-membrane-8x8","title":"PurionX -116 Mechanically Reinforced Anion Exchange Membrane - (8\"x8\")","description":"General Information: PurionXâ„¢-116 is a mechanically reinforced Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) with good hydroxyl anion conductivity, excellent mechanical stability, and high chemical stability in caustic or alkaline and oxidative environments.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin and it has a dry thickness of ~50 micrometers and currently offered in sheet form with physical dimensions of 8\" by 8\" (with a tolerance of +\/-0.2\").\n\nThe ideal alkaline electrolyte concentration for use with this anion exchange membrane is 1M (or 1 Molar).\n\nYet, the membrane still performs well under conditions with less than 1M or pure water or greater than 1M concentration of electrolyte.\n\nThe estimated longevity for this product in 1M alkaline environment at a temperature of 80 deg C is greater than 18000 hours.\n\nApplication: AEM Electrolyzer, AEM fuel cell, Electrodialysis, water treatment and others.\n\nAdvantage: High performance, scalable, low cost and highly durable AEM to help our customers to achieve high performance and long-term stability in their applications at a reasonable cost.\n\nDelivery: Delivered in the wet form and individually packaged inside poly bags.\n\nHandling and \n\nStorage:\n Keep membrane package closed\/sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean, dust-free environment.\n\nOnly use new and sharp blades when cutting the membrane.\n\nGloves should be worn when handling the membrane.\n\nThe membrane should be handled with care: do not puncture, crease, or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks may occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, treatment, storage, and installation should be smooth, clean and free of sharp projections.\n\nLong term storage (\u0026gt;12 months) can be done in either dry or wet form with a sealed container.\n\nWet form storage: Soak the membrane in DI water, neutral pH or alkaline aqueous electrolytes (e.g.\n\nNaCl, KOH).\n\nPretreatment: The following procedure can be used to make the OH- form: (1) soak the membrane in 1M KOH in a closed container for over 12 hrs, (2) then rinse with deionized water copious time until pH neutral.\n\nThe AEM in OH- form should be used in making the cell quickly or be stored in a sealed container in deionized water to avoid exposure to ambient CO2.\n\nExposure of the hydroxyl form of the membrane to ambient carbon dioxide will naturally convert the hydroxyl anions in the membrane to carbonate as a result of the chemical reaction between these two species.\n\nCarbonate form of any anion exchange membrane would have significantly lower ionic conductivity for typical alkaline electrochemical cells and this needs to be avoided especially the researcher is planning to use the membrane for alkaline fuel cell application.\n\nIf you have any questions about storage, performance and pretreatment, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nPurionX-116 Technical Data Sheet A typical lead time of 2 - 4 weeks to be expected for this product.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631649280326,"sku":"99010015","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/PurionX111b-reduced-2-500x500.png?v=1749807767"},{"product_id":"piperion®-anion-exchange-membrane-15-microns-gen2-mechanically-reinforced","title":"PiperION® Anion Exchange Membrane, 15 microns (Gen2), Mechanically Reinforced","description":"\u003cp\u003eVersogen's 15 micrometers (Gen2) thick mechanically reinforced anion exchange is the newer version of the previously offered 15 microns thick mechanically reinforced anion exchange membrane.  The second generation membrane product has higher ionic condictivity and other superior properties compared to the first generation. PiperION® mechanically reinforced AEMs are manufactured from the functionalized poly(aryl piperidinium) resin material and microporous ePTFE reinforcement in order to yield an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eAEM with excellent mechanical durability and reduced overall swelling or minimal physical dimension change.  Mechanically reinforced membranes can sometimes be called as composite membranes.  In terms of mechanical robustness, mechanically reinforced PiperION® AEMs would provide higher performance compared to self-supporting PiperION® AEM counterparts.  In terms of ionic conductivity, since part of the mechanical reinforced membranes are composed of inert ePTFE, their ionic conductivities would be slightly lower than the self-supporting PiperION® membranes of the same thickness.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION® membranes can operate in a wide range of concentrations. The polymer retains \u0026gt;87% of its cations in potassium hydroxide solutions ranging from 0.01 M to 1 M at temperatures up to 80 °C for \u0026gt;2,000 hours. PiperION® can also be operated in concentrated solutions of 3 M potassium hydroxide at room temperature with limited degradation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ionically conductive part of the mechanically reinforced PiperION® AEMs are manufactured from the functionalized poly(aryl piperidinium) polymer.  The general chemical structure of the poly(aryl piperidinium) resin material is provided below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/image\/data\/Products\/Versogen\/general-chemical-structure-of-poly-aryl-piperidinium.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003cb\u003eBenefits of Mechanically Reinforced PiperION\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e®\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e AEMs:\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-ePTFE based mechanical reinforcement provides excellent mechanical strength\u003cbr\u003e-Low swelling and reduced physical dimension change\u003cbr\u003e-Excellent chemical stability in caustic and acidic environments (pH range of 1-14)\u003cbr\u003e-Ultra-thin membranes with superb performance for various alkaline fuel cell, alkaline electrolyzer, direct ammonia fuel cells, and other relevant electrochemical technologies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-treatment Protocol:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePiperION® membranes are shipped in the non-hydroxide form ( more specifically in the bicarbonate form) and the proper pretreatment protocol needs to be followed in order to convert it to the desired anionic form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAllow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell or hydroxide exchange electrolysis applications or any other application that requires the hydroxide ion transfer across the membrane, the membrane should be converted from bicarbonate form into OH- form for optimal conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo convert the membrane to OH- form, place the membrane in an aqueous solution of 0.5 M NaOH or KOH for 1 h at room temperature. After 1 h, replace the solution with fresh 0.5 M NaOH or KOH and allow the membrane to soak for 1 h at room temperature again. After the two soaks, rinse the membrane with DI water (pH ~ 7). Minimize exposure to ambient air, as the CO2 can exchange back into the membrane causing the membrane to convert back to bicarbonate form.  The reaction between CO2 and hydroxide ions is purely chemical and it will readily happen if the OH- form of the membrane is exposed to an environment that has CO2 (such as ambient air, etc.).  This conversion can be completely eliminated by simply doing the conversion and testing in a CO2-free drybox environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor electrochemical reduction of CO2 or CO or in CO2 electrolysis applications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAllow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PiperION® membrane is shipped in the bicarbonate form.  If you are working with bicarbonate electrolytes in your setup, then there is no need to pretreat the membrane and it can be used in the as received form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are working with carbonate electrolytes, then the PiperION® membrane needs to be converted to carbonate form.  In order to achieve this, simply submerge the membrane in an aqueous solution of 0.1 - 0.5 M sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate for 12 h at room temperature. After then, replace the solution with fresh 0.1 - 0.5 M sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate and allow the membrane to soak for 12 h at room temperature again. After the two-three soaks, rinse the membrane with DI water (pH ~ 7). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of bicarbonate or carbonate electrolytes, if you are using KOH or NaOH type pure alkaline electrolytes in your CO2 reduction experiments, then you can simply follow the \"For standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications\" protocol for converting the membrane to OH- form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAllow the membrane to sit at ambient conditions for 1 hr without a cover sheet before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to the assembly of the membrane into the electrochemical device or setup, the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.  For example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.  In order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 0.1 to 0.5 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 12-24 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.  Or if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions across the membrane, then PiperION® AEM needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.  A neutral salt solution of 0.1 to 0.5M Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e or K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 12-24 hours at room temperature.  It is always suggested to repeat the submersion process for 2-3 times in order to achieve close to 100% conversion and then rinse it with copious amount of deionized water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScientific Literature for Various Use of Versogen Membranes and Dispersion Products:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41560-019-0372-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003earticle by Wang et al. entitled \"Poly(aryl piperidinium) membranes and ionomers for hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis considered to be an excellent source that describes the polymer chemistry and fuel cell operation of PiperION® membranes with hydrogen and CO2-free air reactants at a temperature of 95 °C.  This article also investigates the ionic conductivity, chemical stability, mechanical robustness, gas separation, and selective solubility aspects of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1149\/2.0361907jes\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003earticle by Wang et al. entitled \"High-Performance Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells THrough Optimization of Relative Humidity, Backpressure, and Catalyst Selection\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis considered to be an excellent source that describes the polymer chemistry and fuel cell operation of PiperION® membranes under different operational parameters in order to eliminate the anode flooding and cathode drying out issues in order to achieve a blanced water management.  With further optimization on the catalyst, a peak power density of 1.89 W\/cm2 in H2\/O2 and 1.31 W\/cm2 in H2\/Air have been achieved.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.memsci.2019.117680\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003earticle by Luo et al. entitled \"Structure-Transport Relationships of Poly(aryl piperidinium) Anion-Exchange Membranes: Effect of Anions and Hydration\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis considered to be an excellent source that describes the transfer of different anions across AEMs that are manufactured from poly(aryl piperidinium) resin.  Nanostructure, hydration or water uptake as a function of the counter anion, phase-separation in regars of its polymer morphology, anion conductivity as a function of water content (vapor or liquid) and anion radius are some of the other aspects that have been discussed in this publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joule.2019.07.005\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003earticle by Zhao et al. entitled \"An Efficient Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell for Affordable Carbon-Neutral Transportation\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis considered to be an excellent source that describes economics of hydrogen, methanol, and ammonia as fuel for transportation applications, performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for direct ammonia fuel cell at 80 °C. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1149\/1945-7111\/abbdd1\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003earticle by Archrai et al. entitled \"A Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell with a KOH-Free Anode Feed Generating 180 mW cm-2 at 120 °C\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003einvestigates the electrochemical performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for direct ammonia fuel cell at 120 °C. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D0EE02589E\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003earticle by Endrodi et al. entitled \"High carbonate ion conductance of a robust PiperION membrane allows industrial current density and conversion in a zero-gap carbon dioxide electrolyzer cell\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003einvestigates the electrochemical performance of poly(aryl piperidinium) based AEMs for electrochemical reduction of CO2 or carbon dioxide electrolyzer applications. This study demonstrated that partial current densities of greater than 1 A\/cm2 can be achieved while maintaining high conversion (25-40%), selectivity (up to 90%), and low cell voltage (2.6-3.4 V).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrochemical performance of anion exchange membranes would usually depend on the design of the electrochemical testing hardware, operational parameters, membrane thickness, catalyst loading and type, gas diffusion layer thickness and type, the way the MEA\/CCM manufactured and assembled, etc. Fuel Cell Store does not provide any warranties or guarantees for the performances obtained by other researchers.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlease note that a current lead time of 2 - 4 weeks is to be expected.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-bordered\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePiperION Membranes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15 micrometers\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBasis Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUndisclosed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTensile Strength\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUndisclosed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYoung's Modulus\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUndisclosed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElongation at Break (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUndisclosed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Gravity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUndisclosed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUndisclosed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConductivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUndisclosed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwelling Ratio\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUndisclosed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWater Uptake\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUndisclosed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIonic Form and Type\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAnionic (Bicarbonate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":56787998638406,"sku":"72010017","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x20","offer_id":56787998671174,"sku":"72010018","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x50","offer_id":56787998703942,"sku":"72010019","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x100","offer_id":56787998736710,"sku":"72010020","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/piperion-a15r-hco3-500x500_4f82c7e6-fc60-452a-adeb-db95bfd1fb84.jpg?v=1749807777"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.thasar.com\/collections\/aem-membrane.oembed?page=2","provider":"Thasar S.r.l.","version":"1.0","type":"link"}