{"title":"Membranes","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"fumasep-fas-pet-131","title":"Fumasep FAS-PET-130","description":"\u003cp\u003eFumasep FAS-PET-130 is a PET (Polyester) reinforced \u003cstrong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane (AEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e with low resistance, high selectivity, very high mechanical stability, and high stability in pH neutral and acidic environmens. The polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAS-PET-130 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content. Therefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes. Also due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAS-PET-130 Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eApplication: Electrodialysis for demineralisation, desalination, acid recovery applications and others.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e • Stability Range (pH) at 25°C: 0 - 8\u003cbr\u003e • Thickness: 130 micrometers (5.1 mil)\u003cbr\u003e • Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/spec-sheets\/fumasep-fas-pet-130-technical-specifications.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/image\/data\/pdf.png\"\u003e Fumasep FAS-PET-130 Technical Specification Sheet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused. Unpack membrane only for direct use and process immediately after opening. Store, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.  Handle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.  All surfaces which may get into contact with the membrane during inspection, storage, pretreatment and mounting must be free of sharp edges or angles.  To control and minimize wrinkling it is recommended to expand membranes before cutting and module assembling by equilibration in the process solution for sufficient time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eThe membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time. However, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWet Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eStorage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 - 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.  For storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (NaN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e) to avoid biological fouling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-Treatment and Conditioning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form. Depending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form. For optimum performance it is recommended to rinse the membrane in NaCl solution (e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25°C for 24 hrs) to remove any additive from the membrane. Place the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers in order to avoid curling. Do not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlease note that a current lead time of 2 to 4 weeks is to be expected.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":57425778573638,"sku":"34010016","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":57425778606406,"sku":"34010017","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-anion-membrane-500x500_b4d94f4d-69b3-4855-ad71-e8384482126d.jpg?v=1749807830"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fks-pet-131","title":"Fumasep FKS-PET-130","description":"\u003cp\u003eFumasep FKS-PET-130 is a PET reinforced\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCation Exchange Membrane (CEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith low resistance, high selectivity, very high mechanical stability, and high stability in pH neutral and acidic environment. The polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FKS-PET-130 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content. Therefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes. Also due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FKS-PET-130 Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e •\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications: Electrodialysis for demineralisation, desalination, acid recovery applications and others.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e • Cation Exchange Membrane\u003cbr\u003e • Stability Range (pH) at 25°C: 0 - 8\u003cbr\u003e • Thickness: 130 micrometers (5.12 mil)\u003cbr\u003e • Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/spec-sheets\/fumasep-fks-pet-130-technical-specifications.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/image\/data\/pdf.png\"\u003e Fumasep FKS-PET-130 Technical Specification Sheet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused. Store, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area. Use only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane. Always wear protective gloves when handling the membrane. Handle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur. All surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry Form:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eThe membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time. However, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWet Form:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eStorage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 - 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.  For storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (NaN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e) to avoid biological fouling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-Treatment and Conditioning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane is delivered in H+ form and dry form. Depending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form. For optimum performance it is recommended to rinse the membrane in NaCl solution (e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25°C for 24 hrs) to remove any additive from the membrane. Place the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers in order to avoid curling. Do not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability and pretreatment before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-bordered\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMembrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e110 - 130 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWhite\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDensity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8.5 - 10.5 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Area Resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.6 - 4.6 (in Na+ form) Ω•cm2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Conductivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.5 - 4.5 (in Na+ form) mS•cm-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e96 - 99 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHydroxyl Transfer Rate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 - 30 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.75 - 0.85 (in Na+ form) meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 1 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15 - 25 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1300 - 1900 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e60 - 80 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20 - 25 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20 - 40 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epH Stability Range at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 8 pH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eResidual Solvent \/ Additive Content\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 15 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":57081154502982,"sku":"34010023","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":57081154535750,"sku":"34010024","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/cation-exchange-membrane-500x500_f7d64a7b-3e1e-48c3-b4c3-a068e2707001.jpg?v=1749807830"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fab-pk-131","title":"Fumasep FAB-PK-130","description":"\u003cp\u003eFumasep FAB-PK-130 is a PK reinforced \u003cstrong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane (AEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e with high proton blocking capability, high selectivity, very high mechanical stability, and high stability in acidic and caustic environment. The polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAB-PK-130 is designed for the processing of concentrating acidic solutions, electrodialysis and electrodialysis with bipolar membranes.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAB membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content. Therefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes. Also due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAB-PK-130 Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e Process for concentrating acidic solutions, electrodialysis and electrodialysis with bipolar membranes. This membrane can also be used for standard alkaline fuel cell and electrolysis applications that utilizes slightly alkaline solutions (1-2 Molar). Another application that can benefit greatly from this membrane is non-aqueous redox flow batteries that utilize organic solvents such as acetonitrile, etc.  The dimension change or swelling of the membrane for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications would predominantly depend on the chemical composition of the electrolyte used.  Mechanically reinforced fluorinated anion exchange membranes would demonstrate increased mechanical stability and lower solvent mediated crossover compared to non-reinforced counterparts for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications.\u003cbr\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eType: \u003c\/strong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane\u003cbr\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eStability Range (pH) at 25°C:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0 - 14\u003cbr\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eThickness: \u003c\/strong\u003e130 micrometers (5.1 mil)\u003cbr\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eSizes:\u003c\/strong\u003e 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/spec-sheets\/fumasep-fab-pk-130-technical-specifications.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/image\/data\/pdf.png\"\u003e Fumasep FAB-PK-130 Technical Specification Sheet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused. Store, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area. Use only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane. Always wear protective gloves when handling the membrane. Handle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur. All surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eThe membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time. However, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWet Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eStorage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 - 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.  For storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (NaN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e) to avoid biological fouling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-Treatment and Conditioning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane is delivered in the bromide form and dry. Depending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form. For optimum performance it is recommended to rinse the membrane in NaCl solution (e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25°C for 24 hrs) to remove any additive from the membrane. Place the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers in order to avoid curling. Do not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e, the membrane should be converted into OH-form by treating it with 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH solution: Put the membrane sample in an aqueous solution of 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH for at least 24 h at 20°C – 30°C. After rinsing with demineralised water (pH ~ 7) the membrane is ready to use. Use closed container to avoid CO2 contamination (carbonate formation that may affect conductivity). The membrane in OH-form must be stored under wet \/ humidified and CO2-free conditions, avoid drying out of the membrane in OH-form. Long-term storage in dry conditions should be preferably done in carbonate, Cl- or Br-form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cu\u003eFor electrochemical CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction applications\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e, the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).  Fully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.  After rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction experiments. While the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.  Initial conversion to OH\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e, the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.  For example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.  In order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 1-2 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 24-72 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.  Or if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.  A neutral salt solution of Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e or K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 24-72 hours at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability and pretreatment before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlease note that a current lead time of 2 to 3 weeks is to be expected.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-bordered\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMembrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e110 - 140 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBrown\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBromide (Br-)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDensity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 - 13 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Area Resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5.0 - 9.0 in Cl- form and 10 - 20 in SO42- form Ω•cm2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Conductivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.0 - 2.5 in Cl- form and 10 - 20 in SO42- form mS•cm-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 98 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e60 - 400 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.7 - 1.0 (in Cl- form) meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 1 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5 - 15 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1000 - 1800 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40 - 80 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20 - 30 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15 - 40 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epH Stability Range at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 14 pH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":57425621614918,"sku":"34010010","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":57425621647686,"sku":"34010011","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-anion-membrane-500x500_3c147446-cc69-4769-aa67-4de4633b195e.jpg?v=1749807830"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fkb-pk-131","title":"Fumasep FKB-PK-130","description":"\u003cp\u003eFumasep FKB-PK-130 is a PEEK reinforced Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM) with low resistance, high selectivity, high mechanical stability, high stability in pH-acidic and caustic environment, and high OH blocking capability. The polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFumasep FKB-PK-130 membrane is optimized for electrodialysis and electrodialysis with bipolar membranes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFumasep FKB-PK-130 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content. Therefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes. Also due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FKB-PK-130 Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Applications: Designed for Electrodialysis and Bipolar Electrodialysis (as separator between feed and acid chamber).\u003cbr\u003e• Cation Exchange Membrane\u003cbr\u003e• Stability Range (pH) at 25°C: Stable under acidic and caustic conditions (pH = 1-14) (e.g. 4 M KOH).\u003cbr\u003e• Thickness: 110 - 140 micrometers (4.3 - 5.5 mil)\u003cbr\u003e• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/spec-sheets\/fumasep-fkb-pk-130-technical-specifications.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/image\/data\/pdf.png\"\u003e Fumasep FKB-PK-130 Technical Specification Sheet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused. Store, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area. Use only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane. Always wear protective gloves when handling the membrane. Handle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur. All surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry Form:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eThe membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time. However, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWet Form:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eStorage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 - 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.  For storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (NaN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e) to avoid biological fouling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-Treatment and Conditioning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane is delivered in H-form and dry form. Depending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form. For optimum performance it is recommended to rinse the membrane in NaCl solution (e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25°C for 24 hrs) to remove any additive from the membrane. Place the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers in order to avoid curling. Do not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability and pretreatment before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-bordered\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMembrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e110 - 140 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBrown\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProtonic form (H+)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDensity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 - 13 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Area Resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.5 - 5.0 (in Na+ form) Ω•cm2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Conductivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2 - 8 (in Na+ form) mS•cm-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e96 - 99 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHydroxyl Transfer Rate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5 - 100 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.8 - 1.0 (in Na+ form) meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 2 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 - 30 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1000 - 2000 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50 - 80 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15 - 30 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20 - 50 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":57081193431366,"sku":"34010006","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":57081193464134,"sku":"34010007","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/cation-exchange-membrane-500x500_9f2c0898-d0f4-4ffc-928a-d7ccc4472c5b.jpg?v=1749807829"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fkl-pk-131","title":"Fumasep FKL-PK-130","description":"\u003cp\u003eFumasep FKL-PK-130 is a PK reinforced\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCation Exchange Membrane (CEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith high hydroxyl blocking capability, high selectivity, high mechanical stability, and high stability in acidic and caustic environment. The polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FKL-PK-130 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content. Therefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes. Also due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FKL-PK-130 Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e •\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications: Process for concentrating alkaline solutions, electrodialysis and electrodialysis with bipolar membranes.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e • Cation Exchange Membrane\u003cbr\u003e • Stability Rang (pH) at 25°C: Stable under acidic and caustic conditions (0-14).\u003cbr\u003e • Thickness: 130 micrometers (5.1 mil)\u003cbr\u003e • Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/spec-sheets\/fumasep-fkl-pk-130-technical-specifications.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/image\/data\/pdf.png\"\u003e Fumasep FKL-PK-130 Technical Specification Sheet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused. Store, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area. Use only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane. Always wear protective gloves when handling the membrane. Handle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur. All surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry Form:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eThe membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time. However, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWet Form:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eStorage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 - 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.  For storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (NaN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e) to avoid biological fouling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-Treatment and Conditioning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane is delivered in H-form and dry form. Depending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form. For optimum performance it is recommended to rinse the membrane in NaCl solution (e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25°C for 24 hrs) to remove any additive from the membrane. Place the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers in order to avoid curling. Do not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability and pretreatment before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-bordered\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMembrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e110 - 140 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBrown\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProtonic form (H+)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDensity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 - 13 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Area Resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3 - 10 (in Na+ form) Ω•cm2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Conductivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 - 4 (in Na+ form) mS•cm-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e96 - 99 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHydroxyl Transfer Rate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5 - 50 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.6 - 0.8 (in Na+ form) meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 2 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 - 25 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1000 - 2000 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50 - 80 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20 - 30 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20 - 50 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":57081199526214,"sku":"34010008","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":57081199558982,"sku":"34010009","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/cation-exchange-membrane-500x500_f94dc859-0455-4738-9a03-7feea231b306.jpg?v=1749807829"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fas-31","title":"Fumasep FAS-30","description":"\u003cp\u003eFumasep FAS-30 is a non-reinforced \u003cstrong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane (AEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e with very low resistance, high selectivity and high stability in pH acidic and basic environment. The polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAS-30 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet. The membrane is the thin brown foil, delivered on a backing foil (colourless rigid PET foil). Pull off carefully the membrane (brown) from the backing foil. The membrane is delivered in dry form.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content. Therefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes. Also due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAS-30 Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eApplications: Electrodialysis for demineralisation, desalination, capacitive deionization and others.  This membrane can also be used for standard alkaline fuel cell and electrolysis applications that are utilizing slightly akaline solutions (1-2 Molar).\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e • Anion Exchange Membrane\u003cbr\u003e • Stability range (pH) at 25 ºC: 1 - 14\u003cbr\u003e • Thickness: 30 micrometers (1.19 mil)\u003cbr\u003e • Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/spec-sheets\/fumasep-fas-30-technical-specifications.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/image\/data\/pdf.png\"\u003e Fumasep FAS-30 Technical Specification Sheet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused. Unpack membrane only for direct use and process immediately after opening. Store, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area. Always wear protective gloves when handling the membrane. Handle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur. All surfaces which may get into contact with the membrane during inspection, storage, pretreatment and mounting must be free of sharp edges or angles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eThe membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time. However, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWet Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eStorage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 – 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes. For storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with biocide to avoid biological fouling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-Treatment and Conditioning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form. Depending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form. For optimum performance it is recommended to rinse the membrane in NaCl solution (e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25°C for 24 hrs) to remove any additive from the membrane. Place the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers in order to avoid curling. Do not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e, the membrane should be converted into OH-form by treating it with 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH solution: Put the membrane sample in an aqueous solution of 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH for at least 24 h at 20°C – 30°C. After rinsing with demineralised water (pH ~ 7) the membrane is ready to use. Use closed container to avoid CO2 contamination (carbonate formation that may affect conductivity). The membrane in OH-form must be stored under wet \/ humidified and CO2-free conditions, avoid drying out of the membrane in OH-form. Long-term storage in dry conditions should be preferably done in carbonate, Cl- or Br-form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cu\u003eFor electrochemical CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction applications\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e, the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).  Fully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.  After rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO2 reduction experiments. While the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.  Initial conversion to OH- form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e, the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.  For example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.  In order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 1-2 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 24-72 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.  Or if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.  A neutral salt solution of Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e or K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 24-72 hours at room temperature.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability and pretreatment before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlease note that a current lead time of 2 to 4 weeks is to be expected.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-bordered\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMembrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25 - 35 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Brown\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBromide (Br-)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDensity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3.5 - 4.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Area Resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.3 - 0.6 (in Cl- form) Ω•cm2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Conductivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3.0 - 7.0 (in Cl- form) mS•cm-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e92 - 96 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3000 - 4000 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.6 - 2.0 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 2 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15 - 30 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1200 - 1700 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20 - 40 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25 - 40 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30 - 60 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 2.5 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":57425751245126,"sku":"34010027","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":57425751277894,"sku":"34010028","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-anion-membrane-500x500_92b3a349-5cdb-40cd-8186-597883433be4.jpg?v=1749807828"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fas-51","title":"Fumasep FAS-50","description":"\u003cp\u003eFumasep FAS-50 is a non-reinforced \u003cstrong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane (AEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e with very low resistance, high selectivity and high stability in pH acidic and basic environment. The polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAS-50 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet. The membrane is the thin brown foil, delivered on a backing foil (colourless rigid PET foil). Pull off carefully the membrane (brown) from the backing foil. The membrane is delivered in dry form.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content. Therefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes. Also due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAS-50 Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eApplications: Electrodialysis for demineralisation, desalination, capacitive deionization and others. This membrane can also be used for standard akaline fuel cell and electrolyzers that are utilizing slightly alkaline solutions (1-2 Molar).\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e • Anion Exchange Membrane\u003cbr\u003e • Stability range (pH) at 25 ºC: 1 - 14\u003cbr\u003e • Thickness: 45 - 55 micrometers (1.78 - 2.17 mil)\u003cbr\u003e • Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/spec-sheets\/fumasep-fas-50-technical-specifications.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/image\/data\/pdf.png\"\u003e Fumasep FAS-50 Technical Specification Sheet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused. Unpack membrane only for direct use and process immediately after opening. Store, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area. Always wear protective gloves when handling the membrane. Handle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur. All surfaces which may get into contact with the membrane during inspection, storage, pretreatment and mounting must be free of sharp edges or angles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eThe membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time. However, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWet Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eStorage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 – 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes. For storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with biocide to avoid biological fouling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-Treatment and Conditioning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane is delivered in bromide form (Br-) and dry form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e, the membrane should be converted into OH-form by treating it with 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH solution: Put the membrane sample in an aqueous solution of 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH for at least 24 h at 20°C – 30°C. After rinsing with demineralised water (pH ~ 7) the membrane is ready to use. Use closed container to avoid CO2 contamination (carbonate formation that may affect conductivity). The membrane in OH-form must be stored under wet \/ humidified and CO2-free conditions, avoid drying out of the membrane in OH-form. Long-term storage in dry conditions should be preferably done in carbonate, Cl- or Br-form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cu\u003eFor electrochemical CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction applications\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e, the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).  Fully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.  After rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO2 reduction experiments. While the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.  Initial conversion to OH- form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e, the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.  For example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.  In order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 1-2 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 24-72 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.  Or if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.  A neutral salt solution of Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e or K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 24-72 hours at room temperature.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlease note that a current lead time of 2 to 4 weeks is to be expected.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-bordered\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMembrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e45 - 55 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Brown\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBromide (Br-)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDensity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6.0 - 8.5 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Area Resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.6 - 1.5 (in Cl- form) Ω•cm2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Conductivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3 - 8 (in Cl- form) mS•cm-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e92 - 96 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1000 - 3000 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.6 - 2.0 (in Cl- form) meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 1 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 - 25 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1000 - 1800 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30 - 40 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30 - 40 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15 - 60 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 2.5 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":57425761173830,"sku":"34010029","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":57425761206598,"sku":"34010030","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-anion-membrane-500x500_ed7a6016-3717-4b90-883c-9d99e3ef6c5d.jpg?v=1749807827"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fad-pet-76","title":"Fumasep FAD-PET-75","description":"\u003cp\u003eFumasep FAD-PET-75 is a PET (Polyester) reinforced \u003cstrong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane (AEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e with low resistance, high acid transfer rate, high mechanical stability, and high stability in acidic environment. The polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAD-PET-75 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet. When it is delivered it will be the brown foil membrane delivered in dry form.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content. Therefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes. Also due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAD-PET-75 Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e • Application: Diffusion dialysis for acidic solutions (e.g. H2SO4-).\u003cbr\u003e • Anion Exchange Membrane\u003cbr\u003e • Stability range (pH) at 25 ºC: 1 - 9\u003cbr\u003e • Thickness: 70 - 80 micrometers (2.75 - 3.15 mil)\u003cbr\u003e • Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/spec-sheets\/fumasep-fad-pet-75-technical-specifications.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/image\/data\/pdf.png\"\u003e Fumasep FAD-PET-75 Technical Specification Sheet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused. Store, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area. Use only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane. Always wear protective gloves when handling the membrane. Handle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur. All surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eThe membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time. However, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWet Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eStorage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 - 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.  For storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (NaN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e) to avoid biological fouling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-Treatment and Conditioning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form. Depending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form. For optimum performance it is recommended to rinse the membrane in NaCl solution (e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25°C for 24 hrs) to remove any additive from the membrane. Place the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers in order to avoid curling. Do not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlease note that a current lead time of two to three weeks is to be expected.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":57425655333190,"sku":"34010018","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":57425655365958,"sku":"34010019","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-anion-membrane-500x500_852ae156-b338-4d81-aee6-54a5c3c08821.jpg?v=1749807826"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fas-pet-77","title":"Fumasep FAS-PET-75","description":"\u003cp\u003eFumasep FAS-PET-75 is a PET reinforced \u003cstrong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane (AEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e with low resistance, high selectivity, high mechanical stability, and high stability in pH neutral and acidic environments. The polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAS-PET-75 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet that is delivered in a dry brown-foil form.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content. Therefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes. Also due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAS-PET-75 Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eApplications: Electrodialysis for demineralisation, desalination, acid recovery applications and others.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e • Anion Exchange Membrane\u003cbr\u003e • Stability Rang (pH) at 25°C: 0 - 8\u003cbr\u003e • Thickness: 70 - 80 micrometers (2.76 - 3.15 mil)\u003cbr\u003e • Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/spec-sheets\/fumasep-fas-pet-75-technical-specifications.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/image\/data\/pdf.png\"\u003e Fumasep FAS-PET-75 Technical Specification Sheet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused. Store, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area. Use only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane. Always wear protective gloves when handling the membrane. Handle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur. All surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eThe membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time. However, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWet Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eStorage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 - 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.  For storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (NaN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e) to avoid biological fouling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-Treatment and Conditioning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form. Depending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form. For optimum performance it is recommended to rinse the membrane in NaCl solution (e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25°C for 24 hrs) to remove any additive from the membrane. Place the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers in order to avoid curling. Do not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability and pretreatment before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlease note that a current lead time of 2 to 4 weeks is to be expected.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-bordered\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMembrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e70 - 80 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBrown\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBromide (Br-)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDensity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8.0 - 9.0 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Area Resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.2 - 2.0 Ω•cm2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Conductivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4.5 - 6.5 (in Cl- form) mS•cm-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e94 - 97 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1200 - 1900 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.2 - 1.4 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 2 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15 - 25 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1600 - 2100 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50 - 60 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25 - 30 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15 - 25 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epH Stability Range at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 8 pH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":57425793876294,"sku":"34010021","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":57425793909062,"sku":"34010022","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-anion-membrane-500x500_bb015fc8-cbc7-424d-8732-dff2b38c3e22.jpg?v=1737592750"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fad-57","title":"Fumasep FAD-55","description":"\u003cp\u003eFumasep FAD-55 is a non-reinforced \u003cstrong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane (AEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e with low resistance, high acid transfer rate, high mechanical stability, and high stability in acidic environment. The polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAD-55 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet. The membrane is the brown foil delivered on a backing layer (colourless rigid PET foil). Peel off carefully the membrane from the backing layer.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content. Therefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes. Also due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAD-55 Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eApplications: Diffusion dialysis for acidic solutions.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e • Anion Exchange Membrane\u003cbr\u003e • Thickness: 50 - 60 micrometers (1.97 - 2.36 mil)\u003cbr\u003e • Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/spec-sheets\/fumasep-fad-55-technical-data-sheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/image\/data\/pdf.png\"\u003e Fumasep FAD-55 Technical Data Sheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused. Unpack membrane only for direct use and process immediately after opening. Store, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area. Always wear protective gloves when handling the membrane. Handle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur. All surfaces which may get into contact with the membrane during inspection, storage, pretreatment and mounting must be free of sharp edges or angles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eThe membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time. However, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWet Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eStorage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 – 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes. For storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with biocide to avoid biological fouling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMembranes will expand and contract based on water \/ electrolyte content. To eliminate wrinkling, it is necessary to expand membranes before mounting by pretreatment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-Treatment and Conditioning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form. The membrane changes dimensions based on its water content. Consequently, it is necessary to perform a pretreatment procedure to ensure that the proper fit is attained in the cell. For most applications, membranes should be expanded by soaking in NaCl solution (0.5 - 1.5 wt% NaCl solution) at T = 25 °C for 24 hrs exchanging the solution several times. Avoid folding or wrinkling membranes during pretreatment, e.g. by using stabilizing meshes \/ spacers. When assembling and during cell operation do not let the membrane dry out since microcracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability and pretreatment before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-bordered\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMembrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50 - 60 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLight Brown\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBromide (Br-)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Area Resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.20 - 0.25 (in Cl- form) Ω•cm2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Conductivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25 - 30 (in Cl- form) mS•cm-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e85 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8000 - 10000 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.0 - 2.5 (in Cl- form) meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4 - 8 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e58 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e700 - 900 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 - 26 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 - 26 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 10 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.5 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":57425646223686,"sku":"34010031","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":57425646256454,"sku":"34010032","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-anion-membrane-500x500_aa3dd842-7f15-4cb4-ada5-c7efeb5ba2be.jpg?v=1737592790"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fkd-pk-76","title":"Fumasep FKD-PK-75","description":"\u003cp\u003eFumasep FKD-PK-75 is a PK reinforced\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCation Exchange Membrane (CEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith low resistance, high selectivity, high mechanical stability, and high stability in caustic environment. The polymer backbone of this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin. The mechanical reinforcement is composed of poly ether ether ketone (also known as PEEK or PK) and it has the open mesh style.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FKD-PK-75 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet. The membrane is the light brown foil delivered in dry form.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content. Therefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes. Also due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FKD-PK-75 Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e • Applications: Diffusion dialysis for caustic solutions.\u003cbr\u003e • Cation Exchange Membrane\u003cbr\u003e • Stability range (pH) at 25 ºC: 1 - 14\u003cbr\u003e • Thickness: 75 micrometers (2.91 mil)\u003cbr\u003e • Size: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/spec-sheets\/fumasep-fkd-pk-75-technical-specifications.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/image\/data\/pdf.png\"\u003e Fumasep FKD-PK-75 Technical Specification Sheet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused. Store, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area. Use only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane. Always wear protective gloves when handling the membrane. Handle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur. All surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 - 2 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes. For storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with biocide to avoid biological fouling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-Treatment and Conditioning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability and pretreatment before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-bordered\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMembrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e70 - 80 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Brown\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWet (2 wt% NaCl solution)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEEK (PK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSodium Form (Na+)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDensity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 - 10 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Area Resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.5 - 2.0 (in Na+ form) Ω•cm2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Conductivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4 - 5 (in Na+ form) mS•cm-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e96 - 99 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHydroxyl Transfer Rate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e300 - 600 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.4 - 1.6 (in Na+ form) meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 1 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20 - 30 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2000 - 2500 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 50 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30 - 40 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 15 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 2.5 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eResidual Solvent \/ Additive Content\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 3 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":57081213092166,"sku":"34010033","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":57081213124934,"sku":"34010034","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/cation-exchange-membrane-500x500_89edc19a-c1cb-4a0d-a836-44e9e6e0d217.jpg?v=1737592816"},{"product_id":"fumatech-cation-membrane-variety-kit","title":"Fumatech Cation Membrane Variety Kit","description":"\u003cp\u003eOur Fumatech Cation Membrane Variety Kits consist of one 10cm x 10cm piece of each of the following membranes: \u003cbr\u003e\n• Fumapem FS-930 \u003cbr\u003e\n• Fumapem F-1050 \u003cbr\u003e\n• Fumasep FKE-50 \u003cbr\u003e\n• Fumasep FKB-PK-130 FuMA-Tech is a leading company for functional membranes and plant technology and is a leading manufacturer of ion exchange membranes for different electrochemical operations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir modern coating plant produces porous, non-porous and functional membranes with excellent resistance to acids, bases, solvents and oxidation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe selection of membranes for the variety kit is subject to change without any notice and it will depend on the availability of different membrane types from the supplier.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrom time to time, FuelCellStore will be updating the content of the variety kit in order to support customers or researchers that need different type of cation exchange membranes in a single package.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54022785663302,"sku":"34010081","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_1fb29b6b-41f6-4648-9405-3a77e89e6e92.jpg?v=1749807820"},{"product_id":"polypropylene-turbulence-promoter-mesh","title":"Polypropylene Turbulence Promoter Mesh","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis polypropylene turbulence promoter mesh can be used with acetone, citric acid, and ethyl alcohol.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis mesh provides good to excellent resistance to non-oxidizing acids and bases, fats, and most organic solvents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePolypropylene Turbulence Promoter Mesh Properties: Mesh Size* Opening Size Wire Diameter Open Area (%) Max Temperature (F) Color 6 x 6 0.1323\" 0.0394\" 60% 190° White 9 x 9 0.0787\" 0.0315\" 51% 190° White 23 x 23 0.0280\" 0.0173\" 41% 190° White 35 x 35 0.0165\" 0.0134\" 30% 190° White *The mesh size refers to the number of openings per linear inches.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, 6 x 6 mesh size would mean that there is 6 opening in 1 linear inch in x- (width) or y-direction (length) or a total of 36 openings per 1 square inch area (1 inch by 1 inch).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe stated mesh size numbers are approximate values.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWidth of the polypropylene turbulence promoter mesh products as follows: 6 x 6 mesh comes with a width of 55\" 9 x 9 mesh comes with a width of 54\" 23 x 23 mesh comes with a width of 55\" 35 x 35 mesh comes with a width of 54\"\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"6x6","offer_id":54631636205894,"sku":"49010001","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"9x9","offer_id":54636707807558,"sku":"49010002","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"23x23","offer_id":54636707840326,"sku":"49010003","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"35x35","offer_id":54636707873094,"sku":"49010004","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/polypropylene-turbulance-promoter-mesh-500x500.jpg?v=1749807820"},{"product_id":"ptfe-turbulence-promoter-mesh","title":"PTFE Turbulence Promoter Mesh","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis PTFE turbulence promoter mesh can be pulled and stretched to accommodate irregular shapes without fraying.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is often used in ovens and dryers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is excellent with almost all acids, bases, fats, and organic solvents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePTFE Turbulence Promoter Mesh Properties: Mesh Size* Opening Size Wire Diameter Thickness Max Temperature (F) Color Roll Width (inch) 4 x 2 0.320 x 0.140\" 0.040\" 0.075\" to 0.080\" 500° White 18 inches 4 x 6 0.150 x 0.050\" 0.060\" 0.055\" to 0.056\" 500° White 18 inches 13 x 7 0.080 x 0.025\" 0.023\" 0.026\" to 0.027\" 500° White 18 inches 13 x 19 0.045 x 0.025\" 0.014\" 0.016\" to 0.017\" 500° White 18 inches 18 x 28 0.025 x 0.005\" 0.015\" 0.006\" to 0.007\" 500° White 12 inches *The mesh size refers to the number of openings per linear inches.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, 4 x 6 mesh size would mean that there is 4 openings in 1 linear inch in x- (width) and 6 openings in y-direction (length) or a total of 24 openings per 1 square inch area (1 inch by 1 inch).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe stated mesh size numbers are approximate values.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe indicated thickness values are for the uncompressed state.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder compression, there will be a slight reduction in the thickness of the mesh products due to flattening of the wires from wavy form to straight form, though this is not a permanent feature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs soon as the compression force is taken away, the mesh products go back to their original thickness values.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"4x2","offer_id":54631636369734,"sku":"49010025","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"4x6","offer_id":54636707905862,"sku":"49010026","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"13x7","offer_id":54636707938630,"sku":"49010027","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"13x19","offer_id":54636707971398,"sku":"49010028","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"18x28","offer_id":54636708004166,"sku":"49010029","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/turbulence-mesh-500x500.jpg?v=1749807819"},{"product_id":"hp6-eptfe-reinforced-pfsa-membrane","title":"HP6 ePTFE Reinforced PFSA Membrane","description":"ePTFE Reinforced PFSA Membrane (6 microns thick) for PEM Fuel Cells is used to separate the anode and cathode compartment of PEM fuel cell stacks that usually consume H2\/Air as the fuel\/oxidant and requires achieving high current densities (which necessitates the use of a relatively thin membrane).\n\nIt is quite a common practice in the fuel cell industry to use reinforced PFSA membranes with a thickness of 50 microns or less for most of the commercial applications (such as PEM fuel cell stacks for automotive, heavy duty trucks, buses, electrified mobility, drones, UAVs, etc.).\n\nThis mechanically reinforced PFSA membrane has a thickness of ~6 microns and ideally suited for PEM fuel cell stacks that would yield very high current densities and long operational lifetimes.\n\nThe mechanical reinforcement in this membrane is based on the microporous ePTFE which has 3-D porous regions where the ionically conducting PFSA is wet impregnated via solution cast method.\n\nConsidering ePTFE Reinforced PFSA Membrane (6 microns thick) for PEM Fuel Cells will broaden researchers horizon by providing an equally valuable avenue to explore, alongside Nafion HP and Nafion XL membranes and several other ePTFE reinforced membrane that were golden standard in the industry in the past and have been discontinued as a result in the market shift.\n\nThe major benefit of mechanically reinforced PFSA membranes would be their significantly enhanced operational lifetime compared to the unreinforced PFSA membranes due to swelling related stresses being taken up by the ePTFE reinforcement.\n\nOne of the major limitations of the mechanically reinforced PFSA membranes is their lower proton or ionic conductivity compared to unreinforced membranes because of less ionically conducting material per unit volume or per unit mass (while ePTFE reinforcement is quite porous, it does have a mass regardless).\n\nWhile it is not a common practice, this membrane product can also be used in electrochemical sensors and other relevant technologies that would have a need for thin and mechanically reinforced proton exchange membrane for its operation. ePTFE Reinforced PFSA Membrane (6 microns thick) for PEM Fuel Cells is based on the chemically stabilized perfluorosulfonic acid material and it is shipped in the acid (H+) form (which is also known as protonic form).\n\nChemical stabilization is also known as end-group stabilization where the carbon atoms that end of the PFSA polymer chains are fully fluorinated.\n\nChemically stabilized PFSA membranes will exhibit substantially lower fluoride ion release compared to the PFSA membranes manufactured from unstabilized PFSA resin.\n\nFunctional groups (also known as sulfonic acid sites) for this PFSA membrane are based on the long side chain for its chemical structure.\n\nProton exchange membranes are also known as cation exchange membranes in the market.\n\nThis PFSA membrane performs as a separator and solid electrolyte (without the need of a liquid acid) in a variety of electrochemical cells that require the membrane to selectively transport protons or other various cations across the cell junction (or between anode and cathode catalyst layers).\n\nThe polymer is chemically resistant and durable.\n\nThere is a backing film (also known as cover film or supporting film) that is inert on one side of this product and it is important to remove this backing film from the membrane surface prior to using the membrane itself.\n\nThe main purpose of the backing film is to protect the membrane during shipping.\n\nPlease contact us at sales@fuelcellstore.com for the SDS and technical data sheets (TDS).\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"36x36","offer_id":54631643021638,"sku":"78010001","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"36x100","offer_id":54636708856134,"sku":"78010002","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"36x200","offer_id":54636708888902,"sku":"78010003","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/ePTFE-reinforced-pfsa-membrane-for-fuel-cells-3-500x500.jpg?v=1749807819"},{"product_id":"protect-ion-omniflow-10-3","title":"PROTECT+ion Omniflow 10-2","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe PROTECT+ion Omniflow 10-2 is an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eion exchange filter\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethat protects equipment from excessive ionic charges. This is accomplished by using high capacity resins to provide low conductivity in an easy to service, ion exchange filter. The PROTECT+ion Omniflow performs exceptionally well in most liquid systems and is specifically designed for bypass flow applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PROTECT+ion Omniflow covers a wide range of applications and meet all customers’ requirements. This ion exchange filter is the ideal addition to a hydrogen fuel cell cooling circuit or closed loop cooling system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvanced Design\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PROTECT+ion Omniflow is easily adapted and replaced. Its simple, cylindrical shape can be clamped to almost anything in an automobile, fuel cell, or industrial application. An easy connection option is always available for any system. The patented structure inside works in any orientation. No matter how the PROTECT+ion Omniflow is mounted, connected, or oriented its unique design will not leak resin into the surrounding system and the environment, allowing carefree operation. The advanced design maximizes the ion exchange efficiency and minimizes pressure drop.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptimized Resin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe resin in the PROTECT+ion Omniflow has been vigorously tested and developed for maximum performance and durability. The PROTECT+ion has optimal thermal and mechanical stability for deionization in automotive, industrial, and fuel cell systems. Even in demanding scenarios, the filter is durable and intuitive to operate. The PROTECT+ion Omniflow offers higher exchange capacity at lower cost, size, and weight.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePatented Internal Lattice Structure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe patented internal lattice structure directs flow to fully utilize the high-quality resin. The internal matrix structure keeps the resin beads from tightly packing and therefore lowering the pressure loss in operation. The internal structure also stops resin de-mixing caused by vibration in fuel cell systems. The patented internal lattice structure directs flow, prevents pressure loss, and stops de-mixing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFeatures:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Applications: Material handling, Back up power, Automotive\u003cbr\u003e• Simple installation - mounts in any direction\u003cbr\u003e• Omni-flow design due to symmetric part\u003cbr\u003e• Resin optimized for fuel cell applications: thermal and mechanical stability\u003cbr\u003e• Patented internal lattice structure eliminates de-mixing of ion resin due to vibration\u003cbr\u003e• Patented internal lattice structure directs flow to fully utilize resin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTechnical Specifications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Housing Material: Polypropylene\u003cbr\u003e• Resin Type: Styrene-DVB Gel Resin\u003cbr\u003e• Exchange Capacity: 330 meq\u003cbr\u003e• Dimensions (length, diameter): 10 inches, 2 inches\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended Operating Parameters:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Temperature: 90 °C Max (194 °F)\u003cbr\u003e• Operating Pressure: 2.0 bar Max (30 psi)\u003cbr\u003e• Conductivity: \u0026lt; 5 µS\/cm\u003cbr\u003e• Service Life: Life depending on specific application\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLead time of one to two weeks to be expected.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54022803423558,"sku":"1021805","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/protect-ion-omniflow-exchange-filter-main-500x500_c36d1bd4-9ff7-4c77-aeee-0d100cc86388.jpg?v=1737593250"},{"product_id":"fumasep-f10150pf","title":"Fumasep F-10150-PF","description":"Please note that this material has been discontinued.\n\nLimited stock remains.\n\nFumasep F-10150-PF is a Perfluorinated PFA reinforced Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM) with low resistance, high mechanical stability, high selectivity and high chemical \/ oxidative stability, and resistant to chlorine.\n\nFumasep F-10150-PF membrane comes in a 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nThe membrane is the colourless, transparent foil, delivered on a backing layer (colourless rigid PET foil).\n\nPeel off carefully the membrane from the backing layer.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep F-10150-PF \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Electrochemical processes requiring cation exchange membranes with high oxidative stability and highly resistant to chlorine (e.g. for electrolysis, for electrode protection in electrodialysis, and others). \n• Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM) \n• Thickness: 140 - 150 micrometers (5.51 - 5.91 mil) \n• Size: 20cm x 30cm Fumasep F-10150-PF \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n \n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\nMembranes will expand and contract based on water \/ electrolyte content.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in H-form and dry form (non-activated).\n\nIn many applications no further pretreatment is required.\n\nHowever, for optimum performance and lowest resistance it is recommended to pretreat the membrane according to the following prescription: Put the membrane sample in an aqueous 10 wt% HNO3 solution or in 5 vol % H2SO4 solution at minimum 80°C for at least 12 hours.\n\nAfter rinsing with demineralized water (pH ~ 7) the membrane is ready for use (activated).\n\nMembranes will expand and contract based on moisture content.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nLong Term \n\nStorage:\n The membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time.\n\nHowever, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\n\nPlease note that a current lead time of one to two weeks is to be expected.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631619297606,"sku":"5041629","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_58542304-7a38-4349-a0c8-ec2c1698ea44.jpg?v=1749807818"},{"product_id":"fumapem-am40-pbi-copolymer","title":"Fumapem AM-40 - PBI Copolymer","description":"Please note that this material has been discontinued and we are completely out of stock.\n\nFumapem AM-40 is a non-reinforced Polybenzimidazole Copolymer membrane designed for use in High-Temperature Proton Electrolyte Fuel Cells (HT-PEMFC).\n\nThe polymer backbone for this HT-PEMFC membrane is categorized as a hydrocarbon polymer material.\n\nFumapem AM-40 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nThe membrane is the brown foil delivered in dry form.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumapem AM-40 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC). \n• Thickness: 40 micrometers (1.57 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumapem AM-40 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n \n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\nDoping with Phosphoric Acid Recommendation: Put the membrane sample in 85 wt % H3PO4 at temperatures between 90°C and 160°C for at least 1 hour.\n\nMembranes must be covered by phosphoric acid.\n\nMembranes will expand when subject to doping process.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nLong Term \n\nStorage:\n The membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time.\n\nHowever, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631619395910,"sku":"5041632","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_88f7ce50-4905-4c48-b67c-107a7bfd8851.jpg?v=1749807818"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fapq375pp","title":"Fumasep FAPQ-375-PP","description":"This product has been discontinued.\n\nThis web page is only active for previous customers who need access to the specifications.\n\nFumasep FAPQ-375-PP is a Fluorinated PP Reinforced Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) with low resistance, high blocking capability of vanadium ions and high stability in acidic environment.\n\nThe membrane is the transcluent to white colored component inside the sealed bag.\n\nThe membrane is ready for use.\n\nOperation range: Acidic environment pH \u0026lt; 4.\n\nThe material is not stable in caustic environment (pH \u0026gt; 11).\n\nImportant remark: the membrane can be operated also at pH 6-8 as it features anion-exchange conductivity also in neutral environment.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAPQ-375-PP \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Redox-Flow Battery (e.g.\n\nVanadium Redox Flow Battery), using aqueous acidic conditions \n• Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) \n• Thickness: 68 - 82 micrometers (2.67 - 3.22 mil) Fumasep FAPQ-375-PP \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n \n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane does not need any pretreatment and is ready for use.\n\nPlease assemble the membrane in dry state.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nLong Term \n\nStorage:\n The membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time.\n\nHowever, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631619494214,"sku":"5041649","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_06f9c56a-2e27-485f-8353-31433002fef8.jpg?v=1749807817"},{"product_id":"fumasep-f1850","title":"Fumasep F-1850","description":"Fumasep F-1850 membrane is a flourinated cation exchange membrane with low resistance, high blocking capability of vanadium ions, and high stability in acidic environments.\n\nThe polymer composition of this membrane is based on the perflurosulfonic acid resin with long side chains.\n\nFumasep F-1850 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep F-1850 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Electrochemical processes: Redox-Flow Battery, Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRB), using in aqueous acidic conditions or other electrochemical applications \n• Cation Exchange Membrane \n• Thickness: 45 - 50 micrometers (1.77 - 1.97 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep F-1850 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the colourless, transparent foil, delivered on a backing layer (white rigid PET foil).\n\nPull off carefully the membrane from the backing foil.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nUnpack membrane only for direct use and process immediately after opening.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane does not need any pre-treatment and is ready for use.\n\nPlease assemble the membrane in dry form.\n\nMembranes will expand and contract based on electrolyte content.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, and pre-treatment please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nLong Term \n\nStorage:\n The membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time.\n\nHowever, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\n\nPlease note that a current lead time of one to two weeks is to be expected.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631621394758,"sku":"5041656","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_c733038a-d6aa-4146-aa49-d6fc40497cf1.jpg?v=1749807817"},{"product_id":"fumasep-faa320","title":"Fumasep FAA-3-20","description":"Please note that this material has been discontinued and is completely out of stock.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-20 is a non-reinforced Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) with very low resistance, high selectivity and high stability in pH acidic and basic environment.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-20 membrane comes in a 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nThe membrane is delivered in dry form and is the thin brown foil.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-20 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Alkaline fuel cells without KOH or at low KOH concentration.\n\nThis membrane can also be used for other electrochemical applications that require the transfer of anions such as Cl-, Br-, sulfate, and etc. \n• Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) \n• Stability Range for pH: 1 - 14 \n• Thickness: 18 - 22 micrometers (0.709 - 0.866 mil) \n• Size: 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAA-3-20 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n \n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nUnpack membrane only for direct use and process immediately after opening.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces which may get into contact with the membrane during inspection, storage, pretreatment and mounting must be free of sharp edges or angles.\n\n\n\nStorage:\n Dry form: Storage for long time scale (\u0026gt; 12 month) may be done in dry state (sealed container).\n\nWet form: Storage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 – 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.\n\nFor storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (3) to avoid biological fouling.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form.\n\nDepending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form.\n\nBefore assembling in wet form put the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers (in order to avoid curling) in NaCl solution - e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at T = 25 °C for 72 hrs exchanging the solution several times.\n\nDo not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\n\nFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications , the membrane should be converted into OH-form by treating it with 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH solution: Put the membrane sample in an aqueous solution of 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH for at least 24 h at 20°C – 30°C.\n\nAfter rinsing with demineralised water (pH ~ 7) the membrane is ready to use.\n\nUse closed container to avoid CO2 contamination (carbonate formation that may affect conductivity).\n\nThe membrane in OH-form must be stored under wet \/ humidified and CO2-free conditions, avoid drying out of the membrane in OH-form.\n\nLong-term storage in dry conditions should be preferably done in carbonate, Cl- or Br-form.\n\nFor electrochemical CO2 reduction applications , the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).\n\nFully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.\n\nAfter rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO2 reduction experiments.\n\nWhile the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.\n\nInitial conversion to OH- form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes.\n\nFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications , the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.\n\nFor example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.\n\nIn order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 1-2 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 24-72 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.\n\nOr if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.\n\nA neutral salt solution of Na2SO4 or K2SO4 would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 24-72 hours at room temperature.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631621558598,"sku":"5041688","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_daaa6a89-399b-4bcd-b569-9c9d92316367.jpg?v=1749807815"},{"product_id":"celtec-p-membrane-for-high-temperature-pem-fuel-cells","title":"Celtec - P Membrane for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells","description":"\u003cp\u003eCeltec®-P Membrane For High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells: BASF has been manufacturing Celtec-P membrane since 2005.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis membrane is based on the polybenzimidazole (PBI) chemistry and it is ideal for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell and other high temperature electrochemical devices that require a membrane with excellent durability and stability in the temperature range of 120 deg C to 180 deg Celsius.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis membrane is produced by BASF and a sol-gel process is used for the synthesis of the membrane itself.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMembrane synthesis related schematic is given on the right side to show the novel method used for the production of the Celtec-P membrane and how it makes this PBI membrane unique and advanced compared to other PBI membranes in the commercial market.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane is shipped in the sheet form (23.2cm by 27.8cm for the physical dimensions) and it is already phosphoric acid doped and ready to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCeltec-P membrane is also the core of the following This Celtec®-P MEA products, which can be procured directly from Fuel Cell Store website: Celtec®-P MEA 25 cm2 Celtec®-P MEA 45 cm2 Celtec®-P MEA 165 cm2 For any other tailored or customized high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) membrane and MEAs, please contact us atsales@fuelcellstore.com.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eApplications and Properties of Celtec®-P Membrane Based Products (Membrane or MEAs): Some of the applications that can benefit from BASF Celtec®-P high temperature proton exchange membrane and MEAs manufactured by this membrane are provided below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eApplications Properties Backup Power Combined heat, power, and cooling Auxiliary power units Battery range extender Based on polybenzimidazole and phosphoric acid Operating temperature 120 to 180 °C High tolerance to carbon monoxide in the fuel mixture No humidification is necessary Long operational lifetime and stability (\u0026gt;20k hours) Fuel Cell Performance of Celtec®-P MEAs Made with Celtec-P Membranes: Hydrogen\/Air and Reformate\/Air reactant based fuel cell performance of Celtec®-P MEAs (which were made with Celtec-P membrane) are provided below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCO Tolerance of Celtec®-P MEAs made with Celtec-P Membranes: One of the major benefit of the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology is the capability of consuming the reformed hydrogen stream, it is essential that MEAs used in such electrochemical devices have excellent carbon monoxide tolerance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the reformation reaction, there is a small amount of the carbon monoxide gas generated in the fuel stream exiting the reforming catalyst bed, and presence of carbon monoxide can impact the overall fuel cell performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne can consider the membrane as the hearth of the MEA and Celtec-P membranes have been demonstrated both in the lab and commercial products to last \u0026gt;20000 hours.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBASF Celtec®-P MEAs uses Celtec-P membrane and a proprietary anode and cathode catalysts in order to allow the Celtec®-P MEAs tolerate high levels of carbon monoxide compared to the other commercial high temperature PEMFC MEAs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe following graph provides an example performance curve for Celtec®-P MEAs at different CO concentrations as a function of temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eRobust Performance Against Humidity Changes for Celtec®-P MEAs made with Celtec-P Membranes: Conventional high temperature PEMFC devices would usually use a polybenzimidazole PBI) or a co-polymer of PBI membrane that is phosphoric acid doped after the production of the membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSuch membrane activation and containment of the liquid acid inside the membrane result in acid leaching phenomenon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePEM fuel cells generate water as the main by-product at the cathode side and presence of water further impacts the acid leaching phenomenon with the conventional PBI membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCeltec®-P MEAs utilized an advance form of PBI membrane where the proprietary tetraamino monomer and dicarboxylic acid monomer are first reacted via polycondensation reaction in phosphoric acid and then a solution casting \u0026amp; hydrolysis step is carried out in order to obtain the Celtec®-P membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis sol-gel synthesis protocol allows the PBI membrane to attain a novel morphology where the phosphoric acid is contained inside the membrane more effectively and has less acid leaching issues compared to conventional PBI membranes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eLaboratory test results showed that operational lifetimes of exceeding 20,000 hours can easily be achieved with Celtec®-P MEAs and Celtec®-P membranes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe following graph provides the robust performance of Celtec®-P MEA against different humidity conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor customers that purchased this product, a copy BASF Fuel Cell Handbook will be provided separately (free-of-charge) in an electronic format such as PDF file.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA typical lead time of 1-2 weeks is to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCeltec-P Membrane Thickness 400 microns (+\/- 40 microns) E-module \u0026gt;3 N\/mm2 Compression 20 \u0026lt; p \u0026lt; 25 (%) Acid Concentration 55 wt% (+\/-4 wt%) Acid Content by Volume 810 mg\/cm3 (+\/-50 mg\/cm3) Acid Content by Area 34 mg\/cm2 (+\/-3 mg\/cm2) PBI Content 77 mg\/cm3 (+\/-12 mg\/cm3) I.V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eValue (dL\/g) \u0026gt;4.5 (dL\/g) Is the Membrane Acid Doped? Yes\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631621591366,"sku":"20010001","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"sustainion-x3750-grade-rt","title":"Sustainion® X37-50 Grade RT","description":"\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-50 Grade RT is an anion exchange membrane with a dry thickness of 50 microns and is designed for use with a supporting electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt has been optimized for use in alkaline water electrolyzers and CO2 electrolyzers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane will be shipped with an ethylene glycol plasticizer to prevent cracking.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe plasticizer is designed to wash out during activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that this membrane is currently only available in 22 cm x 28 cm sheets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnion Conductivity of Sustainion X37 in Different Electrolytes Anion conductivity of Sustainion X37 membrane for hydroxide ions, carbonate ions, and chloride ions are provided in the graph below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePretreatment Information: First time use: The membrane is shipped with a liner film adhered to one side of the membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the initial activation, the liner film will come off after the submersion of membrane\/liner in the alkaline soaking bath.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSince the liner is an inert plastic, it should not be used in the electrochemical cell and disposed of.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor electrochemical CO2 reduction applications , the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO2 reduction experiments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eInitial conversion to OH- form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes. 6-8 week lead time is to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-50 Grade RT - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ***Buyer represents and warrants that all uses of Product will be for Buyer's own use, which means, in particular, that Buyer will not sell, distribute, or transfer Product, whether directly or indirectly, to any class of trade (each a Product Diversion ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny Product Diversion shall be considered a material breach of this Purchase Contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Products contain chemical substances not on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA ) inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSamples may be hazardous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBuyer represents and warrants that it will only use the samples for research and development purposes under the supervision of a technically qualified individual.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sustainion®","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631622672710,"sku":"27010001","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sustainion-membrane-picture-228x228.jpg?v=1749807814"},{"product_id":"sustainion-x3750-grade-60","title":"Sustainion® X37-50 Grade 60","description":"\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-50 Grade 60 is an anion exchange membrane with a dry thickness of 50 microns and is designed for use with a supporting electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt has been optimized for use in alkaline water electrolyzers and CO2 electrolyzers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is a specialized membrane with very low concentrations of ethylene glycol plasticizer.The lack of plasticizer makes these membranes more brittle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that this membrane is currently only available in 23 cm x 28 cm sheets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnion Conductivity of Sustainion X37 in Different Electrolytes Anion conductivity of Sustainion X37 membrane for hydroxide ions, carbonate ions, and chloride ions are provided in the graph below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePretreatment Information: First time use: The membrane is shipped with a liner film adhered to one side of the membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the initial activation, the liner film will come off after the submersion of membrane\/liner in the alkaline soaking bath.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSince the liner is an inert plastic, it should not be used in the electrochemical cell and disposed of.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor electrochemical CO2 reduction applications , the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO2 reduction experiments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eInitial conversion to OH- form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes. 6-8 week lead time is to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-50 Grade 60 - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ***Buyer represents and warrants that all uses of Product will be for Buyer's own use, which means, in particular, that Buyer will not sell, distribute, or transfer Product, whether directly or indirectly, to any class of trade (each a Product Diversion ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny Product Diversion shall be considered a material breach of this Purchase Contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Products contain chemical substances not on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA ) inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSamples may be hazardous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBuyer represents and warrants that it will only use the samples for research and development purposes under the supervision of a technically qualified individual.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sustainion®","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631622705478,"sku":"27010002","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sustainion-membrane-picture-228x228.jpg?v=1749807814"},{"product_id":"sustainion-x3750-grade-t","title":"Sustainion® X37-50 Grade T","description":"\u003cp\u003e6-week lead time to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-50 Grade T is an alkaline anion exchange membrane with PTFE support for easier handling and increased durability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is designed for use with a supporting electrolyte and is optimized for anion exchange water electrolyzers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt consequently must be converted to the hydroxide form by exposing the membrane to a strong base.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is recommended to soak the membrane in a large bath of 1M KOH for 24 – 48 hours to convert the chloride form into the hydroxide form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis activation also helps in strengthening the membrane via cross-linking with KOH.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that during this process, the membrane will swell and separate from the PET liner.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PET liner can then be discarded after separation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis membrane is located between a thin porous PTFE layer coated with sustainion 37 on both sides.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PTFE decreases the transport of water in the membrane so they are less efficient in CO2 electrolyzers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that this membrane is currently only available in 20 cm x 28 cm sheets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnion Conductivity of Sustainion X37 in Different Electrolytes The anion conductivity of the Sustainion X37 membrane for hydroxide ions, carbonate ions, and chloride ions are provided in the graph below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-50 Grade T - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ***Buyer represents and warrants that all uses of Product will be for Buyer's own use, which means, in particular, that Buyer will not sell, distribute, or transfer Product, whether directly or indirectly, to any class of trade (each a Product Diversion ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny Product Diversion shall be considered a material breach of this Purchase Contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Products contain chemical substances not on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA ) inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSamples may be hazardous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBuyer represents and warrants that it will only use the samples for research and development purposes under the supervision of a technically qualified individual.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sustainion®","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631622771014,"sku":"27010003","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sustainion-membrane-picture-228x228.jpg?v=1749807814"},{"product_id":"sustainion-x37fa","title":"Sustainion® X37-FA","description":"\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-FA Anion Exchange Membrane has a dry thickness of 50 microns.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey are moderately basic and designed for use with supporting electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese are special membranes with lower crossover, which show superior performance in our electrolyzer to convert CO2 to formic acid.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eNote: these membranes can be used in a room temperature formic acid electrolyzer after activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlease note that this membrane is currently only available in 23 cm x 28 cm sheets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAnion Conductivity of Sustainion X37 in Different Electrolytes Anion conductivity of Sustainion X37 membrane for hydroxide ions, carbonate ions, and chloride ions are provided in the graph below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePretreatment Instructions: First time use: The membrane is shipped with a liner film adhered to one side of the membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the initial activation, the liner film will come off after the submersion of membrane\/liner in the alkaline soaking bath.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSince the liner is an inert plastic, it should not be used in the electrochemical cell and disposed of.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor electrochemical CO2 reduction applications , the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO2 reduction experiments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eInitial conversion to OH- form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes. 6-8 week lead time is to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-FA - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ***Buyer represents and warrants that all uses of Product will be for Buyer's own use, which means, in particular, that Buyer will not sell, distribute, or transfer Product, whether directly or indirectly, to any class of trade (each a Product Diversion ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny Product Diversion shall be considered a material breach of this Purchase Contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Products contain chemical substances not on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA ) inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSamples may be hazardous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBuyer represents and warrants that it will only use the samples for research and development purposes under the supervision of a technically qualified individual.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sustainion®","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631622803782,"sku":"27010004","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sustainion-membrane-picture-228x228.jpg?v=1749807814"},{"product_id":"sustainion-e2850-grade-t","title":"Sustainion® E28-50 Grade T","description":"\u003cp\u003e20 cm x 28 cm sheets of Sustainion® Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane E28-50 with PTFE support for easier handleability and greater strength.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePresence of the mechanical reinforcement increases the mechanical strength and also reduces swelling or physical dimension change compared to self-supporting counterparts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is moderately basic (i.e., alkaline) and designed for use with supporting electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn comparison with Sustainion traditional X37 membrane (which is a self-supporting membrane), the E28-50 Grade T membrane has reduced swelling and reduced metal crossover.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt can be used in aqueous and some non-aqueous solvents such as propylene carbonate, and has potential to be used in flow-battery and many other applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis anion membrane is supplied in dry form with the counterion being chloride anion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor applications that require the membrane to transfer OH- (or hydroxyl ions), it has to be converted to the hydroxide form by exposing them to a strong base.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is recommended to soak the membrane in a large bath of 1M KOH for 24 hours in order to convert the membrane from chloride form into the hydroxide form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis activation also helps in strengthening the membrane via crosslinking with KOH as identified by a recent NMR study.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is a mechanically reinforced anion exchange membrane and the mechanical reinforcement is based on ePTFE (also known as expanded PTFE). -Ligand is based on MPIP -Typical IEC: 0.7 -Suggested pH range: 2-14 -Resistivity in 1M KOH: ~3.7 Ω-cm2 -Resistivity in 0.01M KHCO3: ~5 Ω-cm2 6-8 week lead time to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® E28-50 Grade T - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ***Buyer represents and warrants that all uses of Product will be for Buyer's own use, which means, in particular, that Buyer will not sell, distribute, or transfer Product, whether directly or indirectly, to any class of trade (each a Product Diversion ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny Product Diversion shall be considered a material breach of this Purchase Contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Products contain chemical substances not on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA ) inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSamples may be hazardous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBuyer represents and warrants that it will only use the samples for research and development purposes under the supervision of a technically qualified individual.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sustainion®","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631623000390,"sku":"27010005","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sustainion-membrane-picture-228x228.jpg?v=1749807814"},{"product_id":"sustainion-b2250-grade-t","title":"Sustainion® B22-50 Grade T","description":"\u003cp\u003e20 cm x 28 cm sheets of Sustainion® Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane B22-50 with PTFE support for easier handleability and greater strength.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePresence of the mechanical support increases the mechanical strength and also minimizes swelling or physical dimension change.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is moderately basic (i.e., alkaline) and designed for use with supporting electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn comparison with Sustainion traditional X37 membrane (which is a self-supporting membrane), the B22-50 Grade T membrane has reduced swelling and reduced metal crossover.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt can be used in aqueous and some non-aqueous solvents such as propylene carbonate, and has potential to be used in flow-battery and many other applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis anion exchange membrane is supplied in dry from with the counterion being chloride anion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor applications that requires transfer of OH- (or hydroxyl ions), this membrane needs to be converted to the hydroxide form by exposing them to a strong base.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is recommended to soak the membrane in a large bath of 1M KOH for 24 hours in order to convert the membrane from chloride form into the hydroxide form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis activation also helps in strengthening the membrane via crosslinking with KOH as identified by a recent NMR study.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is a mechanically reinforced anion exchange membrane and the mechanical reinforcement is based on ePTFE (also known as expanded PTFE). -Ligand is based on TMIM -Typical IEC: 0.6 -Suggested pH range: 2-14 -Resistivity in 1M KOH: ~2.1 Ω-cm2 -Resistivity in 0.01M KHCO3: ~6 Ω-cm2 6-8 week lead time to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® B22-50 Grade T - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ***Buyer represents and warrants that all uses of Product will be for Buyer's own use, which means, in particular, that Buyer will not sell, distribute, or transfer Product, whether directly or indirectly, to any class of trade (each a Product Diversion ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny Product Diversion shall be considered a material breach of this Purchase Contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Products contain chemical substances not on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA ) inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSamples may be hazardous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBuyer represents and warrants that it will only use the samples for research and development purposes under the supervision of a technically qualified individual.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sustainion®","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631623065926,"sku":"27010006","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sustainion-membrane-picture-228x228.jpg?v=1749807814"},{"product_id":"sustainion-e3050-grade-t","title":"Sustainion® E30-50 Grade T","description":"\u003cp\u003e20 cm x 28 cm sheets of Sustainion® Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane E30-50 with PTFE support for easier handleability and greater strength.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePresence of mechanical reinforcement improves the mechanical strength and also minimizes the swelling or physical dimension change issues.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is moderately basic (i.e., alkaline) and designed for use with supporting electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn comparison with Sustainion traditional X37 membrane (which is a self-supporting membrane), the E30-50 Grade T membrane has reduced swelling and reduced metal crossover.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt can be used in aqueous and some non-aqueous solvents such as propylene carbonate, and has potential to be used in flow-battery and many other applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis anion exchange membrane is supplied in dry form with the counter anion being chloride (Cl-) ion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost standard applications would require this membrane to be converted to the hydroxide form by exposing them to a strong base (assuming that the ion of interest is OH- or hydroxyl ions).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is recommended to soak the membrane in a large bath of 1M KOH for 24 hours in order to convert the membrane from chloride form into the hydroxide form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis activation also helps in strengthening the membrane via crosslinking with KOH as identified by a recent NMR study.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is a mechanically reinforced anion exchange membrane and the mechanical reinforcement is based on ePTFE (also known as expanded PTFE) which has a 3D pore structures and the ionically conducting material is encapsulated within those pores and on the surface of the ePTFE. -Ligand is based on TMA -Typical IEC: 0.9 -Suggested pH range: 2-11 -Resistivity in 1M KOH: ~1.1 Ω-cm2 -Resistivity in 0.01M KHCO3: ~8 Ω-cm2 6-8 week lead time to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® E30-50 Grade T - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ***Buyer represents and warrants that all uses of Product will be for Buyer's own use, which means, in particular, that Buyer will not sell, distribute, or transfer Product, whether directly or indirectly, to any class of trade (each a Product Diversion ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny Product Diversion shall be considered a material breach of this Purchase Contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Products contain chemical substances not on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA ) inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSamples may be hazardous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBuyer represents and warrants that it will only use the samples for research and development purposes under the supervision of a technically qualified individual.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sustainion®","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631623131462,"sku":"27010007","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sustainion-membrane-picture-228x228.jpg?v=1749807814"},{"product_id":"sustainion-anion-exchange-membrane-variety-kit","title":"Sustainion® Anion Exchange Membrane Variety Kit","description":"\u003cp\u003eOur Sustainion Anion Exchange Membrane Variety Kit consists of one 4cm x 4cm piece of each of the following membranes: \u003cbr\u003e\n• Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT \u003cbr\u003e\n• Sustainion X37 FA \u003cbr\u003e\n• Sustainion X37-50 Grade T \u003cbr\u003e\n• Sustainion E30-50 Grade T \u003cbr\u003e\n• Sustainion E28-50 Grade T \u003cbr\u003e\n• Sustainion B22-50 Grade T Sustainion X37-50 Grade RT: This anion exchange membrane belongs to self-supporting membrane category (i.e., not mechanically reinforced) and has good ionic conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome applications that can benefit from this membrane are alkaline water electrolyzers and CO2 electrolyzers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe membranes are shipped with an ethylene glycol plasticizer to prevent cracking.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe plasticizer is designed to wash out during activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe functional groups for this membrane are based on TMIM.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion X37 FA: This anion exchange membrane belongs to self-supporting membrane category (i.e., not mechanically reinforced) and has good ionic conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome applications that can benefit from this membrane are alkaline chemistry based conversion of CO2 to formic acid.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe X37-FA membrane should be activated for 12 hours in 1 M KOH at room temperature before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eNote: this membranes can be used in a room temperature formic acid electrolyzer after activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe functional groups for this membrane are based on TMIM.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion X37-50 Grade T: This anion exchange membrane belongs to mechanically reinforced membrane category (mechanical reinforcement material is based on ePTFE) and has good mechanical stability and reduced dimensional swelling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome applications that can benefit from this membrane are alkaline water electrolyzers that demand a high mechanical stable membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe functional groups for this membrane are based on TMIM.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion E30-50 Grade T: This anion exchange membrane belongs to mechanically reinforced membrane category (mechanical reinforcement material is based on ePTFE) and has good mechanical stability and reduced dimensional swelling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome applications that can benefit from this membrane are aqueous and some non-aqueous solvents such as propylene carbonate containing electrochemical devices such as flow-battery and other relevant applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe functional groups for this membrane are based on TMA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion E28-50 Grade T: This anion exchange membrane belongs to mechanically reinforced membrane category (mechanical reinforcement material is based on ePTFE) and has good mechanical stability and reduced dimensional swelling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome applications that can benefit from this membrane are aqueous and some non-aqueous solvents such as propylene carbonate containing electrochemical devices such as flow-battery and other relevant applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe functional groups for this membrane are based on MPIP.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion B22-50 Grade T: This anion exchange membrane belongs to mechanically reinforced membrane category (mechanical reinforcement material is based on ePTFE) and has good mechanical stability and reduced dimensional swelling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome applications that can benefit from this membrane are aqueous and some non-aqueous solvents such as propylene carbonate containing electrochemical devices such as flow-battery and other relevant applications. . The functional groups for this membrane are based on TMIM. 6-8 week lead time to be expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSustainion® X37-50 Grade RT - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Sustainion® X37-FA - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Sustainion® X37-50 Grade T - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Sustainion® E30-50 Grade T - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Sustainion® E28-50 Grade T - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Sustainion® B22-50 Grade T - Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ***Buyer represents and warrants that all uses of Product will be for Buyer's own use, which means, in particular, that Buyer will not sell, distribute, or transfer Product, whether directly or indirectly, to any class of trade (each a Product Diversion ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAny Product Diversion shall be considered a material breach of this Purchase Contract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Products contain chemical substances not on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA ) inventory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSamples may be hazardous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBuyer represents and warrants that it will only use the samples for research and development purposes under the supervision of a technically qualified individual.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sustainion®","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631624900934,"sku":"27010008","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sustainion-membrane-picture-228x228.jpg?v=1749807814"},{"product_id":"pfsa-d170u-proton-exchange-membrane","title":"PFSA D170-U Proton Exchange Membrane","description":"\u003cp\u003ePFSA D170-U Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) is used to separate the anode and cathode compartment of PEM water electrolyzers because of its relatively thick nature (~170 microns or 7-mils or 0.007 inches) and robustness compared to other thinner PFSA membranes. This is an unreinforced (also known as self-supporting) PFSA membrane and it is manufactured via extrusion melt process. Both unpressurized or pressurized PEM electrolyzer stacks can use this membrane product in order to achieve long operational lifetimes. Other electrochemical applications that can benefit from this PFSA D170-U Proton Exchange Membrane are as follow: direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFC), microbial fuel cells (MFC) and other applications that require a thick PFSA membrane. While it is not that common to use thick PFSA membranes for PEM fuel cell applications with the exception of some niche applications (such as high pressure PEM fuel cells for space applications), researchers and product developers can also use this membrane for H2\/Air and H2\/O2 PEM fuel cell applications too.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eD170-U expands the possibility of finding an excellent fit for your requirements, without diminishing the worth of Nafion 117.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePFSA D170-U Proton Exchange Membrane is based on the chemically stabilized perfluorosulfonic acid material and it is shipped in the acid (H+) form (which is also known as protonic form). Chemical stabilization is also known as end-group stabilization where the carbon atoms that end of the PFSA polymer chains are fully fluorinated. Chemically stabilized PFSA membranes will exhibit substantially lower fluoride ion release compared to the PFSA membranes manufactured from unstabilized PFSA resin.  Functional groups (also known as sulfonic acid sites) for this PFSA membrane are based on the long side chain for its chemical structure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProton exchange membranes are also known as cation exchange membranes in the market. This PFSA membrane performs as a separator and solid electrolyte (without the need of a liquid acid) in a variety of electrochemical cells that require the membrane to selectively transport protons or other various cations across the cell junction (or between anode and cathode catalyst layers). The polymer is chemically resistant and durable.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlease contact us at\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@fuelcellstore.com\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esales@fuelcellstore.com\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor the SDS and technical data sheets (TDS).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScientific Literature Relevant to This Product:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAn article by\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1945-7111\/ae1cf4\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFaqeeh et al. entitled \"Comparing Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1945-7111\/ae1cf4\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWater Electrolysis: Performance, Stability and Hydrogen Crossover\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edemonstrates the electrochemical performance of PFSA D170-U Proton Exchange Membrane in a typical PEM electrolysis setting and compares its performance to other PEMs (such as Nafion 117™ and Aquivion® E98-15S) that established a good baseline for the PEM electrolyzer industry during the last three decades. Their investigation demonstrated that on the timescales of up to 100 hours of PEM electrolyzer testing, PFSA D170-U Proton Exchange Membrane showed similar performance to Nafion 117™ and Aquivion® E98-15S on a broader scope and it is positioned to be a promising alternative to these membranes.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-bordered\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e170 micrometers +\/- 10 micrometers\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBasic Weight (g\/m²)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e350 +\/- 10 grams\/m2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConductivity (S\/cm)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≥ 0.1 S\/cm (based on GB\/T 20042.3-2009)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≥ 0.90 mmol\/g (based on GB\/T 20042.3-2009)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwelling (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤ 20% (based on ASTM D570)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTensile Modulus\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≥ 180 MPa (based on ASTM D882)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≥ 25 MPa (based on ASTM D882)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≥300% (based on ASTM D882)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane Hydrolytic Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWater uptake (% water)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤ 30% (based on ASTM D570)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631624933702,"sku":"28010001","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x20","offer_id":54636704366918,"sku":"28010002","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"35x35","offer_id":54636704399686,"sku":"28010029","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"35x70","offer_id":54636704432454,"sku":"28010005","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/TE80-2-228x228.jpg?v=1749807807"},{"product_id":"pfsa-d125u-proton-exchange-membrane","title":"PFSA D125-U Proton Exchange Membrane","description":"PFSA D125-U Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) is used to separate the anode and cathode compartment of PEM water electrolyzers because of its relatively thick nature (~125 microns or 5-mils or 0.005 inches) and robustness compared to other thinner PFSA membranes.\n\nThis is an unreinforced (also known as self-supporting) PFSA membrane and it is manufactured via extrusion melt process.\n\nBoth unpressurized or pressurized PEM electrolyzer stacks can use this membrane product in order to achieve long operational lifetimes.\n\nOther electrochemical applications that can benefit from this PFSA D125-U Proton Exchange Membrane are as follow: direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFC), microbial fuel cells (MFC) and other applications that require a thick PFSA membrane.\n\nWhile it is not that common to use thick PFSA membranes for PEM fuel cell applications with the exception of some niche applications (such as high pressure PEM fuel cells for space applications), researchers and product developers can also use this membrane for H2\/Air and H2\/O2 PEM fuel cell applications too.\n\nConsidering D125-U broadens your horizon by providing an equally valuable avenue to explore, alongside Nafion 115.\n\nPFSA D125-U Proton Exchange Membrane is based on the chemically stabilized perfluorosulfonic acid material and it is shipped in the acid (H+) form (which is also known as protonic form).\n\nChemical stabilization is also known as end-group stabilization where the carbon atoms that end of the PFSA polymer chains are fully fluorinated.\n\nChemically stabilized PFSA membranes will exhibit substantially lower fluoride ion release compared to the PFSA membranes manufactured from unstabilized PFSA resin.\n\nFunctional groups (also known as sulfonic acid sites) for this PFSA membrane are based on the long side chain for its chemical structure.\n\nProton exchange membranes are also known as cation exchange membranes in the market.\n\nThis PFSA membrane performs as a separator and solid electrolyte (without the need of a liquid acid) in a variety of electrochemical cells that require the membrane to selectively transport protons or other various cations across the cell junction (or between anode and cathode catalyst layers).\n\nThe polymer is chemically resistant and durable.\n\nPlease contact us at sales@fuelcellstore.com for the SDS and technical data sheets (TDS).\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631624999238,"sku":"28010006","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x20","offer_id":54636704497990,"sku":"28010007","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"30x30","offer_id":54636704530758,"sku":"28010008","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"40x40","offer_id":54636704563526,"sku":"28010009","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"40x70","offer_id":54636704596294,"sku":"28010010","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/TE80-2-228x228.jpg?v=1749807807"},{"product_id":"pfsa-d50u-proton-exchange-membrane","title":"PFSA D50-U Proton Exchange Membrane","description":"PFSA D50-U Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) is used to separate the anode and cathode compartment of PEM fuel cell stacks that usually consume H2\/Air as the fuel\/oxidant and requires high current density operations with long lifetime (which necessitates the use of a relatively thin membrane).\n\nIt is quite a common practice in the fuel cell industry to use thin (50 microns or less) PFSA membranes in order to achieve high current densities that are relevant to the commercial applications.\n\nPFSA D50-U Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) has thickness of 50 microns (+\/- 2 microns for the variations in the thickness).\n\nThis is an unreinforced (also known as self-supporting) PFSA membrane and it is manufactured via solution cast process.\n\nWhile it is not a common practice, this membrane product can also be used in PEM water electrolyzer, vanadium redox flow batteries, direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFC), microbial fuel cells (MFC) and other similar applications and it is always advised that the end-user to take into consideration of the thickness of the PFSA membrane for their particular application and how it may effect the performance positively or negatively.\n\nD50-U expands the possibility of finding an excellent fit for your requirements, without diminishing the worth of Nafion 212.\n\nPFSA D50-U Proton Exchange Membrane is based on the chemically stabilized perfluorosulfonic acid material and it is shipped in the acid (H+) form (which is also known as protonic form).\n\nChemical stabilization is also known as end-group stabilization where the carbon atoms that end of the PFSA polymer chains are fully fluorinated.\n\nChemically stabilized PFSA membranes will exhibit substantially lower fluoride ion release compared to the PFSA membranes manufactured from unstabilized PFSA resin.\n\nFunctional groups (also known as sulfonic acid sites) for this PFSA membrane are based on the long side chain for its chemical structure.\n\nProton exchange membranes are also known as cation exchange membranes in the market.\n\nThis PFSA membrane performs as a separator and solid electrolyte (without the need of a liquid acid) in a variety of electrochemical cells that require the membrane to selectively transport protons or other various cations across the cell junction (or between anode and cathode catalyst layers).\n\nThe polymer is chemically resistant and durable.\n\nPlease contact us at sales@fuelcellstore.com for the SDS and technical data sheets (TDS).\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631625064774,"sku":"28010011","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x20","offer_id":54636704629062,"sku":"28010012","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"30x30","offer_id":54636704661830,"sku":"28010013","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"40x40","offer_id":54636704694598,"sku":"28010014","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"57x100","offer_id":54636704727366,"sku":"28010015","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"57x250","offer_id":54636704760134,"sku":"28010016","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/TE80-2-228x228.jpg?v=1749807807"},{"product_id":"pfsa-d50r-eptfe-reinforced-proton-exchange-membrane","title":"PFSA D50-R ePTFE Reinforced Proton Exchange Membrane","description":"PFSA D50-R ePTFE Reinforced Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) is used to separate the anode and cathode compartment of PEM fuel cell stacks that usually consume H2\/Air or H2\/O2 as the fuel\/oxidant and having the capability for delivering high current densities without compromising the safety aspect (which necessitates the use of a relatively thin membrane).\n\nIt is quite a common practice in the fuel cell industry to use thin (50 microns or less) reinforced or unreinforced PFSA membranes in order to achieve high current densities that are relevant to the commercial applications.\n\nPFSA D50-R ePTFE Reinforced Proton Exchange Membrane has a thickness of 50 microns (+\/- 2 microns for the variations in the thickness).\n\nThis material has a backing plastic on one side.\n\nConsidering D50-R broadens your horizon by providing an equally valuable avenue to explore, alongside Nafion 1035.\n\nThe mechanical reinforcement in this membrane is based on the microporous ePTFE which has 3-D porous regions where the ionically conducting PFSA is wet impregnated via solution cast method.\n\nThe major benefit of mechanically reinforced PFSA membranes would be their significantly enhanced operational lifetime compared to the unreinforced PFSA membranes due to swelling related stresses being taken up by the ePTFE reinforcement.\n\nOne of the major limitations of the mechanically reinforced PFSA membranes is their lower proton or ionic conductivity compared to unreinforced membranes because of less ionically conducting material per unit volume (while ePTFE reinforcement is quite porous, it does have a mass regardless).\n\nWhile this mechanically reinforced PFSA membrane was originally developed for vanadium redox flow battery applications and its ideal application would be vanadium redox flow batteries, though since it is manufactured in the protonic form, it can also be used for standard PEM fuel cell applications too.\n\nWhile it is not a common practice, this membrane product can also be used in PEM water electrolyzer, direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFC), microbial fuel cells (MFC) and other similar applications and it is always advised that the end-user to take into consideration of the thickness of the PFSA membrane for their particular application and how it may effect the performance positively or negatively.\n\nPFSA D50-R ePTFE Reinforced Proton Exchange Membrane is based on the chemically stabilized perfluorosulfonic acid material and it is shipped in the acid (H+) form (which is also known as protonic form).\n\nChemical stabilization is also known as end-group stabilization where the carbon atoms that end of the PFSA polymer chains are fully fluorinated.\n\nChemically stabilized PFSA membranes will exhibit substantially lower fluoride ion release compared to the PFSA membranes manufactured from unstabilized PFSA resin.\n\nFunctional groups (also known as sulfonic acid sites) for this PFSA membrane are based on the long side chain for its chemical structure.\n\nProton exchange membranes are also known as cation exchange membranes in the market.\n\nThis PFSA membrane performs as a separator and solid electrolyte (without the need of a liquid acid) in a variety of electrochemical cells that require the membrane to selectively transport protons or other various cations across the cell junction (or between anode and cathode catalyst layers).\n\nThe polymer is chemically resistant and durable.\n\nPlease contact us at sales@fuelcellstore.com for the SDS and technical data sheets (TDS).\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631625097542,"sku":"28010017","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x20","offer_id":54636704858438,"sku":"28010018","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"30x30","offer_id":54636704891206,"sku":"28010019","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"40x40","offer_id":54636704923974,"sku":"28010020","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"57x100","offer_id":54636704956742,"sku":"28010021","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"57x250","offer_id":54636704989510,"sku":"28010022","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/TE80-2-228x228.jpg?v=1749807807"},{"product_id":"pfsa-d15r-eptfe-reinforced-proton-exchange-membrane","title":"PFSA D15-R ePTFE Reinforced Proton Exchange Membrane","description":"PFSA D15-R ePTFE Reinforced Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) is used to separate the anode and cathode compartment of PEM fuel cell stacks that usually consume H2\/Air as the fuel\/oxidant and requires achieving high current densities (which necessiates the use of a relatively thin membrane).\n\nIt is quite a common practice in the fuel cell industry to use reinforced or unreinforced PFSA membranes with a thickness of 50 microns or less for most of the commercial applications (such as PEM fuel cells for automotive, heavy duty trucks, buses, etc.).\n\nPFSA D15-R ePTFE Reinforced Proton Exchange Membrane has a thickness of 15 microns (+\/- 1 microns for the thicknes variation) and ideally suited for PEM fuel cell stacks that would yield very high current densities and long operational lifetimes.\n\nThe mechanical reinforcement in this membrane is based on the microporous ePTFE which has 3-D porous regions where the ionically conducting PFSA is wet impregnated via solution cast method.\n\nThis material has a backing plastic on one side.\n\nD15-R expands the possibility of finding an excellent fit for your requirements, without diminishing the worth of Nafion HP.\n\nThe major benefit of mechanically reinforced PFSA membranes would be their significantly enhanced operational lifetime compared to the unreinforced PFSA membranes due to swelling related stresses being taken up by the ePTFE reinforcement.\n\nOne of the major limitations of the mechanically reinforced PFSA membranes is their lower proton or ionic conductivity compared to unreinforced membranes because of less ionically conducting material per unit volume or per unit mass (while ePTFE reinforcement is quite porous, it does have a mass regardless).\n\nWhile it is not a common practice, this membrane product can also be used in PEM water electrolyzer, direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFC), microbial fuel cells (MFC) and other similar applications and it is always advised that the end-user to take into consideration of the thickness of the PFSA membrane for their particular application and how it may effect the performance positively or negatively.\n\nPFSA D15-R ePTFE Reinforced Proton Exchange Membrane is based on the chemically stabilized perfluorosulfonic acid material and it is shipped in the acid (H+) form (which is also known as protonic form).\n\nChemical stabilization is also known as end-group stabilization where the carbon atoms that end of the PFSA polymer chains are fully fluorinated.\n\nChemically stabilized PFSA membranes will exhibit substantially lower fluoride ion release compared to the PFSA membranes manufactured from unstabilized PFSA resin.\n\nFunctional groups (also known as sulfonic acid sites) for this PFSA membrane are based on the long side chain for its chemical structure.\n\nProton exchange membranes are also known as cation exchange membranes in the market.\n\nThis PFSA membrane performs as a separator and solid electrolyte (without the need of a liquid acid) in a variety of electrochemical cells that require the membrane to selectively transport protons or other various cations across the cell junction (or between anode and cathode catalyst layers).\n\nThe polymer is chemically resistant and durable.\n\nPlease contact us at sales@fuelcellstore.com for the SDS and technical data sheets (TDS).\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"FCS","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631625195846,"sku":"28010023","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x20","offer_id":54636705055046,"sku":"28010024","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"30x30","offer_id":54636705087814,"sku":"28010025","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"40x40","offer_id":54636705120582,"sku":"28010026","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"57x100","offer_id":54636705153350,"sku":"28010027","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"57x250","offer_id":54636705186118,"sku":"28010028","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/TE80-2-228x228.jpg?v=1749807807"},{"product_id":"fumapem-f14100","title":"Fumapem F-14100","description":"Please note that this material has been discontinued and we are completely out of stock.\n\nFumapem F-14100 membrane is a non-reinforced Per-Fluorinated Sulfonic Acid (PFSA) \/ PTFE copolymer Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM) with low resistance, high mechanical stability, and high stability in acidic environment.\n\nFumapem F-14100 membrane comes in a 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumapem F-14100 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC), Electrolysis, Redox-Flow Battery, e.g.\n\nVanadium-Redox-Flow Battery (VRB), using aqueous acidic conditions.\n\nMembrane is not stable under alkaline conditions. \n• Cation Exchange Membrane \n• Thickness: 100 micrometers (3.94 mil) \n• Size: 20cm x 30cm Fumapem F-14100 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the colourless, transparent foil, delivered on a backing foil (colourless rigid PET foil).\n\nPull off carefully the membrane from the backing foil.\n\nFor DMFC application the membrane must be activated before use.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in H-form and dry form.\n\nDirect Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) \n\nApplications:\n For optimum performance and lowest resistance it is necessary to pretreat the membrane according to the following prescription: Put the membrane sample in an aqueous 10 wt% HNO3 solution or in 5 vol % H2SO4 solution at minimum 80°C for at least 12 hours.\n\nAfter rinsing with demineralized water (pH ~ 7) the membrane is ready for use (activated).\n\nMembranes will expand and contract based on moisture content.\n\nVRF Battery \n\nApplications:\n The membrane does not need any pretreatment and is ready for use.\n\nPlease assemble the membrane in dry form.\n\nLong Term \n\nStorage:\n The membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time.\n\nHowever, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631625294150,"sku":"34010001","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_6a75b63a-e8dd-466e-b9ea-c0c09d8e6559.jpg?v=1749807804"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fke50","title":"Fumasep FKE-50","description":"Please note that this material has bee discontinued and we are completely out of stock.\n\nFumasep FKE-50 is a non-reinforced Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM) with very low resistance, high selectivity and high stability in pH acidic and basic environment.\n\nFumasep FKE-50 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FKE-50 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Designed for Electrodialysis for demineralisation, desalination, capacitive deionization and others. \n• Cation Exchange Membrane \n• Thickness: 50 micrometers (1.97 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FKE-50 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the thin brown foil, delivered on a backing foil (colourless rigid PET foil).\n\nPull off carefully the membrane (brown) from the backing foil.\n\nThe membrane is delivered in dry form.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nStorage:\n Dry Form: The membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time.\n\nHowever, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\n\nWet Form: Storage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 - 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.\n\nFor storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with biocide to avoid biological fouling.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in H+ form and dry form.\n\nDepending on application and cell design,assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form.\n\nFor optimum performance it is recommended to rinse the membrane in NaCl solution (e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25°C for 24 hrs) to remove any additive from the membrane.\n\nPlace the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers in order to avoid curling.\n\nDo not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability and pretreatment before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631625523526,"sku":"34010003","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_ed815175-f383-462f-8302-7b97b898ecb5.jpg?v=1749807804"},{"product_id":"fumasep-faa3pk130","title":"Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eFumasep FAA-3-PK-130 is a PK reinforced \u003cstrong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane (AEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e with low resistance, high selectivity, very high mechanical stability, and high stability in acidic and caustic environment. The polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAA-3-PK-130 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content. Therefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes. Also due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAA-3-PK-130 Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eApplications: Electrodialysis for demineralisation, desalination, electrodeionisation, acid recovery and others. This membrane can also be used for standard alkaline fuel cell and electrolyzer applications that utilize slightly alkaline solutions (1-2 Molar).\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane (AEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e • Stability Range (pH) at 25°C: 0 - 14\u003cbr\u003e • Thickness: 130 micrometers (5.1 mil)\u003cbr\u003e • Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/spec-sheets\/fumasep-faa-3-pk-130-technical-specifications.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/image\/data\/pdf.png\"\u003e Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130 Technical Specification Sheet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.  Unpack membrane only for direct use and process immediately after opening.  Store, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane. Handle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.  All surfaces which may get into contact with the membrane during inspection, storage, pretreatment and mounting must be free of sharp edges or angles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eThe membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time. However, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWet Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eStorage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 - 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.  For storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (NaN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e) to avoid biological fouling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-Treatment and Conditioning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form.  Depending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry (without pretreatment) or wet form.  Before assembling in wet form put the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers (in order to avoid curling) in NaCl solution - e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25°C for 72 hours exchanging the solution several times.  Do not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e, the membrane should be converted into OH-form by treating it with 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH solution: Put the membrane sample in an aqueous solution of 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH for at least 24 h at 20°C – 30°C. After rinsing with demineralised water (pH ~ 7) the membrane is ready to use. Use closed container to avoid CO2 contamination (carbonate formation that may affect conductivity). The membrane in OH-form must be stored under wet \/ humidified and CO2-free conditions, avoid drying out of the membrane in OH-form. Long-term storage in dry conditions should be preferably done in carbonate, Cl- or Br-form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cu\u003eFor electrochemical CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction applications\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e, the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).  Fully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.  After rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction experiments. While the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.  Initial conversion to OH\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e, the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.  For example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.  In order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 1-2 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 24-72 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.  Or if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.  A neutral salt solution of Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e or K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 24-72 hours at room temperature.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-bordered\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMembrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e110 - 130 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBrown\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBromide (Br-)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDensity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 - 13 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Area Resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.8 - 4.0 (in Cl- form) Ω•cm2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Conductivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4.0 - 8.0 (in Cl- form) mS•cm-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 98 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e800 - 2500 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.1 - 1.4 (in Cl- form) meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 2 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 - 25 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1000 - 1800 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40 - 80 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20 - 30 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15 - 40 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epH Stability Range at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 14 pH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":57425503289670,"sku":"34010012","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":57425503322438,"sku":"34010013","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_d02b3851-8d06-49f1-950f-3f901f6468ec.jpg?v=1749807803"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fap450","title":"Fumasep FAP-450","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eFumasep FAP-450 is a non-reinforced Fluorinated \u003cstrong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane (AEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e with low resistance, high blocking capability of vanadium ions, and high stability in acidic environment. The polymer backbone for this AEM is based on a hydrocarbon polymer material.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAP-450 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet. FAP-450 membrane is manufactured on the PET cover film in order to prevent damages to the membrane during its shipment.  The PET foil is located only on one side of the FAP-450 membrane and it needs to be removed from the membrane surface before testing or using the membrane.  FAP-450 is transparent and more flexible than the PET cover film.  The membrane is ready for use when it arrives.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content. Therefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes. Also due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAP-450 Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eApplications: \u003c\/strong\u003eRedox-Flow Battery, e.g. Vanadium-Redox-Flow Battery (VRB), using aqueous acidic conditions. Another application that can benefit greatly from this membrane is non-aqueous redox flow batteries that utilize organic solvents such as acetonitrile, etc. The dimension change or swelling of the membrane for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications would predominantly depend on the chemical composition of the electrolyte used. Mechanically reinforced fluorinated anion exchange membranes would demonstrate increased mechanical stability and lower solvent mediated crossover compared to non-reinforced counterparts for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications.\u003cbr\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eType: \u003c\/strong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane\u003cbr\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eThickness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 50 micrometers (1.97 mil)\u003cbr\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eSizes:\u003c\/strong\u003e 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOperation Range:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcidic environment pH \u0026lt; 4, at pH \u0026gt; 4 the material has low ionic conductivity. The material is not stable in caustic environment (pH \u0026gt; 11). General temperature range is room temperature to 50°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/spec-sheets\/fumasep-fap-450-technical-specifications.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/image\/data\/pdf.png\"\u003e Fumasep FAP-450 Technical Specification Sheet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused. Store, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area. Use only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane. Always wear protective gloves when handling the membrane. Handle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur. All surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-Treatment and Conditioning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane is delivered in dry form. No pretreatment is required. However, membranes will expand and contract based on electrolyte content.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLong Term Storage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time. However, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlease note that a current lead time of 2 to 4 weeks is to be expected.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-bordered\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMembrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e45 - 55 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBetween Paper\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDensity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e7.5 - 8.5 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Area Resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.45 - 0.60 (in 0.5 M H2SO4) Ω•cm2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Conductivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 - 12 (in 0.5 M H2SO4) mS•cm-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e90 - 96 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2500 - 4500 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0% - 2% in 2 M H2SO4 at 25°C and 10% - 12% in vanadyl sulfate at 25°C %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15% - 25% in 2 M H2SO4 at 25°C and 12% - 18% in vanadyl sulfate at 25°C wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e900 - 1200 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40 - 60 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 - 30 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 250 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 4 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":57425717199174,"sku":"34010014","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":57425717231942,"sku":"34010015","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_b5edb51f-9742-4d5b-ac54-86558557e9cd.jpg?v=1749807803"},{"product_id":"fumasep-faa350","title":"Fumasep FAA-3-50","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eFumasep FAA-3-50 is a non-reinforced \u003cstrong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane (AEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e with very low resistance, high selectivity and high stability in pH acidic and basic environment. The polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAA-3-50 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet. The membrane is the thin brown foil, delivered on a backing foil (colourless rigid PET foil). Pull off carefully the membrane (brown) from the backing foil. The membrane is delivered in dry form.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content. Therefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes. Also due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAA-3-50 Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eApplications: Electrodialysis for demineralisation, desalination, capacitive deionization and others. This membrane can also be used for standard alkaline fuel cell and electrolyzer applications that utilize slightly alkaline solutions (1-2 Molar).\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane (AEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e • Thickness: 45 - 55 micrometers (1.77 - 2.17 mil)\u003cbr\u003e • Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/spec-sheets\/fumasep-faa-3-50-technical-specifications.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/image\/data\/pdf.png\"\u003e Fumasep FAA-3-50 Technical Specification Sheet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused. Store, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area. Use only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane. Always wear protective gloves when handling the membrane. Handle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur. All surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eThe membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time. However, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWet Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eStorage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 – 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes. For storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (e.g. NaN3) to avoid biological fouling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-Treatment and Conditioning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form. Depending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form. For optimum performance it is recommended to rinse the membrane in NaCl solution (e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25°C for 24 hrs) to remove any additive from the membrane. Place the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers in order to avoid curling. Do not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage. Membranes will expand and contract based on water \/ electrolyte content.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e, the membrane should be converted into OH-form by treating it with 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH solution: Put the membrane sample in an aqueous solution of 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH for at least 24 h at 20°C – 30°C. After rinsing with demineralised water (pH ~ 7) the membrane is ready to use. Use closed container to avoid CO2 contamination (carbonate formation that may affect conductivity). The membrane in OH-form must be stored under wet \/ humidified and CO2-free conditions, avoid drying out of the membrane in OH-form. Long-term storage in dry conditions should be preferably done in carbonate, Cl- or Br-form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cu\u003eFor electrochemical CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction applications\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e, the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).  Fully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.  After rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction experiments. While the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.  Initial conversion to OH\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e, the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.  For example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.  In order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 1-2 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 24-72 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.  Or if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.  A neutral salt solution of Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e or K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 24-72 hours at room temperature.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-bordered\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMembrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e45 - 55 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Brown\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBromide (Br-)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDensity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6.0 - 8.5 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Area Resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.6 - 1.5 (in Cl- form) Ω•cm2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Conductivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3 - 8 (in Cl- form) mS•cm-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e92 - 96 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1000 - 3000 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.6 - 2.1 (in Cl- form) meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 2 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 - 25 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1000 - 1800 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25 - 40 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25 - 40 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15 - 60 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epH Stability Range at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 14 pH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eResidual Solvent \/ Additive Content\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 15 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631626080582,"sku":"34010035","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":54636906119494,"sku":"34010036","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_9350e82a-9e7e-4a41-82fd-f7677a5241c1.jpg?v=1749807802"},{"product_id":"fumasep-faa3pk75","title":"Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75","description":"\u003cp\u003eFumasep FAA-3-PK-75 is a PK reinforced \u003cstrong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane (AEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e with low resistance, high selectivity, high mechanical stability, and high stability in alkaline and acidic environment. The polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAA-3-PK-75 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet. The membrane is the thin brown foil with a peek reinforcing structure. The membrane is delivered in dry form.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content. Therefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes. Also due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFumasep FAA-3-PK-75 Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eApplications: Electrodialysis for demineralisation, desalination, acid recovery and others.  This membrane can also be used for standard alkaline fuel cell and electrolyzer applications that utilize slightly alkaline solution (1-2 Molar).\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e • \u003cstrong\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane (AEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e • Stability Range (pH) at 25°C: 0 - 14\u003cbr\u003e • Thickness: 70 - 80 micrometers (2.76 - 3.15 mil)\u003cbr\u003e • Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/spec-sheets\/fumasep-faa-3-pk-75-technical-specifications.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fuelcellstore.com\/image\/data\/pdf.png\"\u003e Fumasep FAA-3-PK-75 Technical Specification Sheet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandling:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused. Store, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area. Use only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane. Always wear protective gloves when handling the membrane. Handle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur. All surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eThe membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time. However, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWet Form: \u003c\/strong\u003eStorage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 – 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes. For storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (e.g. NaN3) to avoid biological fouling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-Treatment and Conditioning:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form. Depending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form. For optimum performance it is recommended to rinse the membrane in NaCl solution (e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25°C for 24 hrs) to remove any additive from the membrane. Place the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers in order to avoid curling. Do not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor standard alkaline fuel cell \/ electrolysis applications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e, the membrane should be converted into OH-form by treating it with 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH solution: Put the membrane sample in an aqueous solution of 0.5 – 1.0 M NaOH or KOH for at least 24 h at 20°C – 30°C. After rinsing with demineralised water (pH ~ 7) the membrane is ready to use. Use closed container to avoid CO2 contamination (carbonate formation that may affect conductivity). The membrane in OH-form must be stored under wet \/ humidified and CO2-free conditions, avoid drying out of the membrane in OH-form. Long-term storage in dry conditions should be preferably done in carbonate, Cl- or Br-form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cu\u003eFor electrochemical CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction applications\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e, the anion exchange membrane should be converted to the carbonate or bicarbonate form by treating the membrane initially with 0.1 to 0.5 M KOH or NaOH solution and then with 0.1 to 0.5 M water soluble carbonate or bicarbonate salt solutions (such as potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate that is dissolved in de-ionized water or distilled water).  Fully submerging the anion exchange membrane into KOH or NaOH solution for 6 to 12 hours and then to the desired carbonate or bicarbonate salt solution for a period of 48-72 hours would be sufficient to fully convert the membrane into either carbonate or bicarbonate form.  After rinsing the membrane (which is in the carbonate form) with deionized water or distilled water, it can be assembled inside the electrochemical setup for electrochemical CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction experiments. While the submersion of the membrane into the KOH or NaOH can be skipped, for such situations, a longer submersion time may be required in order to fully convert the membrane to carbonate or bicarbonate form.  Initial conversion to OH\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e form significantly improves the carbonate ion exchange process due to expanded pore sizes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor other electrochemical (electrodialysis, desalination, electro-electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, acid recovery, salt splitting, etc.) and non-electrochemical applications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e, the membrane should be converted into the anionic form that is relevant for the intended application.  For example, if the application is requiring the Cl- anions to be transferred through the membrane, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the Cl- form.  In order to convert this membrane into Cl- form, it needs to be submerged into a 1-2 M salt solution of NaCl or KCl (dissolved in deionized water) for a period of 24-72 hours and then rinsed with deionized water to remove the excess salt from the membrane surface.  Or if the intended application is requiring to transfer sulfate anions, then this anion exchange membrane needs to be converted into the sulfate form prior to its assembly into the cell.  A neutral salt solution of Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e or K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e would usually be sufficient to achieve the full conversion of membrane into the sulfate form after fully submerging the membrane into the salt solution for 24-72 hours at room temperature.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"table table-bordered\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMembrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAnion Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e70 - 80 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBrown\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBromide (Br-)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDensity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e7.0 - 9.0 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Area Resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.2 - 2.0 (in Cl- form) Ω•cm2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecific Conductivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4.5 - 6.5 (in Cl- form) mS•cm-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e94 - 97 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e500 - 1500 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.2 - 1.4 (in Cl- form) meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 2 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 - 20 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1200 - 2300 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30 - 60 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20 - 40 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 - 30 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epH Stability Range at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0 - 14 pH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 2 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631626342726,"sku":"34010037","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":54636906152262,"sku":"34010038","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_71efb229-9e6c-48ae-8275-a446710d7d5d.jpg?v=1749807802"},{"product_id":"fumasep-f1075pk","title":"Fumasep F-1075-PK","description":"Please note that this material has been discontinued.\n\nLimited stock remains.\n\nFumasep F-1075-PK is a Perfluorinated PK reinforced Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM) with low resistance, high mechanical stability, high selectivity and high chemical and oxidative stability.\n\nThe polymer composition of this membrane is based on the perflurosulfonic acid resin with long side chains.\n\nThe mechanical reinforcement is composed of poly ether ether ketone (also known as PEEK or PK) and it has the open mesh style.\n\nFumasep F-1075-PK is a colourless, transparent foil.\n\nThe membrane is ready for use.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep F-1075-PK \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Redox-Flow Battery, e.g.\n\nVanadium-Redox-Flow Battery (VRB), using aqueous acidic conditions. \n• Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM) \n• Thickness: 75 micrometers (2.95 mil) \n• Size: 20cm x 30cm This membrane is not suitable for standard PEM electrolysis applications.\n\nFumasep F-1075-PK \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n \n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in dry form and H form.\n\nThe membrane does not need any pretreatment and is ready for use.\n\nPlease assemble the membrane in dry form.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nLong Term \n\nStorage:\n The membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time.\n\nHowever, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631626604870,"sku":"34010039","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_1601c70e-3cc7-4585-b889-cb9ab2670b27.jpg?v=1749807801"},{"product_id":"fumasep-f10120pk","title":"Fumasep F-10120-PK","description":"Please note that this product has been discontinued and a limited amount of stock remains.\n\nFumasep F-10120-PK is a PK reinforced Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM) with low resistance, high mechanical stability, high selectivity and high chemical \/ oxidative stability, and resistant to chlorine.\n\nThe polymer composition of this membrane is based on the perflurosulfonic acid resin with long side chains.\n\nThe mechanical reinforcement is composed of poly ether ether ketone (also known as PEEK or PK) and it has the open mesh style.\n\nFumasep F-10120-PK membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nThe membrane is the colourless, transparent foil, delivered on a backing layer (colourless rigid PET foil).\n\nPeel off carefully the membrane from the backing layer.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep F-10120-PK \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Electrochemical processes requiring cation exchange membranes with high oxidative stability and highly resistant to chlorine (e.g. for electrode protection). \n• Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM) \n• Thickness: 120 micrometers (4.72 mil) \n• Size: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep F-10120-PK \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n \n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\nMembranes will expand and contract based on water \/ electrolyte content.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in H-form and dry form (non-activated).\n\nFor optimum performance and lowest resistance it is necessary to pretreat the membrane according to the following prescription: Put the membrane sample in an aqueous 10 wt% HNO3 solution or in 5 vol % H2SO4 solution at minimum 80°C for at least 12 hours.\n\nAfter rinsing with demineralized water (pH ~ 7) the membrane is ready for use (activated).\n\nMembranes will expand and contract based on moisture content.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, pre-treatment or before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nLong Term \n\nStorage:\n The membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time.\n\nHowever, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\n\nPlease note that a current lead time of one to two weeks is to be expected.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631626735942,"sku":"34010040","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":54636705874246,"sku":"34010041","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_0e4a75ec-3de6-4920-9de4-79bb0bd93e9e.jpg?v=1749807801"},{"product_id":"fumapem-fs715rfs","title":"Fumapem FS-715-RFS","description":"Please note that this product has been discontinued and is no longer available.\n\nThis website is only maintained for reference of material.\n\nFumapem FS-715-RFS membrane is perfluorinated cation exchange membrane - reinforced and stabilized with low resistance, high mechanical stability, low dimensional swelling, and high stability in acidic environment.\n\nThe polymer composition of this membrane is based on the perflurosulfonic acid resin with short side chains.\n\nFumapem FS-715-RFS membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumapem FS-715-RFS \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Fuel Cell (H2 PEMFC) \n• Cation Exchange Membrane \n• Thickness (dry): 15 micrometers (0.59 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumapem FS-715-RFS \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the transparent foil, delivered on a backing layer (colourless rigid PET foil).\n\nPeel off carefully the membrane from the backing layer.\n\nThe membrane is ready for use.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nUnpack membrane only for direct use and process immediately after opening.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane does not need any pretreatment and is ready for use.\n\nPlease assemble the membrane in dry form.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, and pretreatment please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nLong Term \n\nStorage:\n The membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time.\n\nHowever, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631626834246,"sku":"34010042","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_312836b9-1f44-4971-ac2b-a0c92bf8f9c5.jpg?v=1749807800"},{"product_id":"fumapem-fs930rfs","title":"Fumapem FS-930-RFS","description":"This product has been discontinued.\n\nThis web page is only active for previous customers who need access to the specifications.\n\nFumapem FS-930-RFS membrane is perfluorinated cation exchange membrane - reinforced and stabilized with low resistance, high mechanical stability, low dimensional swelling, and high stability in acidic environment.\n\nThe polymer composition of this membrane is based on the perflurosulfonic acid resin with short side chains.\n\nFumapem FS-930-RFS membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 19.5cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumapem FS-930-RFS \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Fuel Cell (H2 PEMFC) \n• Cation Exchange Membrane \n• Thickness (dry): 27 - 32 micrometers (1.06 - 1.26 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 19.5cm x 30cm Fumapem FS-930-RFS \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the transparent foil, delivered on a backing layer (colourless rigid PET foil).\n\nPeel off carefully the membrane from the backing layer or in the other way around, depending on the convenience.\n\nThe membrane is ready for use.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nUnpack membrane only for direct use and process immediately after opening.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane does not need any pretreatment and is ready for use.\n\nPlease assemble the membrane in dry form.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, and pretreatment please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nLong Term \n\nStorage:\n The membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time.\n\nHowever, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\n\nPlease note that a current lead time of one to two weeks is to be expected.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631626965318,"sku":"34010045","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_ab911792-e60d-4a11-ab97-cdcb37ffad4a.jpg?v=1749807800"},{"product_id":"fumapem-fs930","title":"Fumapem FS-930","description":"Please note that this product has been discontinued and a limited amount of stock remains.\n\nPlease contact us for availability.\n\nFumapem FS-930 membrane is a perfluorinated cation exchange membrane - non-reinforced and stabilized with low resistance, high mechanical stability, low dimensional swelling, and high stability in acidic environment.\n\nThe polymer composition of this membrane is based on the perflurosulfonic acid resin with short side chains.\n\nFumapem FS-930 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumapem FS-930 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Fuel Cell (H2 PEMFC) \n• Cation Exchange Membrane \n• Thickness (dry): 27 - 31 micrometers (1.06 - 1.22 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumapem FS-930 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the transparent foil, delivered on a backing layer (colourless rigid PET foil).\n\nPeel off carefully the membrane from the backing layer.\n\nThe membrane is ready for use.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nUnpack membrane only for direct use and process immediately after opening.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane does not need any pretreatment and is ready for use.\n\nPlease assemble the membrane in dry form.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, and pretreatment please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nLong Term \n\nStorage:\n The membrane can be stored dry for an unlimited amount of time.\n\nHowever, the membrane has to be conditioned (washed and rinsed) prior to use.\n\nPlease note that a current lead time of one to two weeks is to be expected.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631627358534,"sku":"34010047","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_1f6a87df-182f-4e1b-85b6-95c4c5e8c2a5.jpg?v=1749807799"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fkspet75","title":"Fumasep FKS-PET-75","description":"Fumasep FKS-PET-75 is a PET reinforced Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM) with low resistance, high selectivity, very high mechanical stability, and high stability in pH neutral and acidic environment.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\n\nFumasep FKS-PET-75 membrane comes in a 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FKS-PET-75 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Demineralisation and desalination applications by electrodialysis, and others \n• Cation Exchange Membrane \n• Stability Range (pH) at 25°C: 0 - 9 \n• Thickness: 74 - 87 micrometers (2.91 - 3.42 mil) \n• Size: 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FKS-PET-75 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery Form: The membrane is the light-brown foil delivered in dry form.\n\nHandling and \n\nStorage:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\nWet Form: Storage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in containers in 0.5 – 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.\n\nFor storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with biocide to avoid biological fouling.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n Membranes are delivered in H+ form and wet form.\n\nAdditional conditioning is required by rinsing the membrane either in the application solution or a NaCl solution according to the application requirement.\n\nDo not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during drying.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability and pretreatment before proceeding, please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nPlease note that a current lead time of three to four weeks is to be expected.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631627587910,"sku":"34010048","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_d733ebb9-d7ac-4201-b783-ffbea87f7be9.jpg?v=1749807799"},{"product_id":"fumasep-faa3pe30","title":"Fumasep FAA-3-PE-30","description":"Please note that this product has been discontinued and a limited amount of stock remains.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-PE-30 is an anion exchange membrane - PE-reinforced with low resistance, high selectivity, high mechanical stability, and high stability in pH acidic and basic environment.\n\nThe polymer backbone for this membrane is based on a proprietary hydrocarbon resin.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-PE-30 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FAA-3-PE-30 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Electrodialysis for demineralisation, desalination applications, capacitive deionization and others \n• Anion Exchange Membrane \n• Thickness (dry): 20 - 30 micrometers (0.78 - 1.1 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FAA-3-PE-30 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the thin brown foil, delivered on a backing foil (colourless rigid PET foil).\n\nPull off carefully the membrane (brown) from the backing foil.\n\nThe membrane is delivered in dry form.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\nDry form: Storage for long time scale (\u0026gt; 12 month) may be done in dry state (sealed container).\n\nWet form: Storage for short and medium time scale (hours up to several weeks) may be done in unsealed containers in 0.5 – 1.5 wt% NaCl solution or comparable neutral pH electrolytes.\n\nFor storage over a longer time period a sealed container is recommended using afore said electrolyte with ca. 100 ppm biocide (e.g. 3) to avoid biological fouling.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in bromide form and dry form.\n\nDepending on application and cell design, assembling is possible in dry form (without pretreatment) or wet form.\n\nFor optimum performance it is recommended to rinse the membrane in NaCl solution (e.g. 0.5 M NaCl solution at T = 25 °C for 24 hrs) to remove any additive from the membrane.\n\nPlace the membrane sample between stabilizing meshes \/ spacers in order to avoid curling.\n\nDo not let the membrane dry out since micro-cracks may likely occur during shrinkage.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, and pretreatment please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\nThere is a limited quantity available for this membrane product and once that is exhausted, there will not be any more due to lack of PE support in the market.\n\nPlease check this page time to time for any new updates.\n\nAlternative membrane products would be the PEEK reinforced counterparts such as Fumasep FAA-3-PK-130 or FAA-3-PK-75.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"10x10","offer_id":54631629095238,"sku":"34010050","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x30","offer_id":54636906447174,"sku":"34010051","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_5c044f1f-23b5-4026-8696-8ad0a8b6d028.jpg?v=1749807798"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fs950","title":"Fumasep FS-950","description":"Please note that this product has been discontinued and a limited amount of stock remains.\n\nPlease contact us for availability.\n\nFumasep FS-950 membrane is perfluorinated cation exchange membrane - non-reinforced with low resistance, high mechanical stability, low dimensional swelling, and high stability in acidic environment.\n\nFumasep FS-950 membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FS-950 \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Redox-Flow Battery, e.g.\n\nVanadium-Redox-Flow Battery (VRB), using aqueous acidic conditions. \n• Cation Exchange Membrane \n• Thickness (dry): 45 - 55 micrometers (1.7 - 2.1 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FS-950 \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is the transparent (slightly opaque) foil, delivered on a backing foil (colourless rigid PET foil).\n\nPull off carefully the membrane from the backing foil.\n\nThe membrane is ready to use.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nUnpack membrane only for direct use and process immediately after opening.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in H-form and dry form.\n\nThe membrane does not need any pretreatment and is ready for use.\n\nPlease assemble the membrane in dry form.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, and pretreatment please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631629291846,"sku":"34010051","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_fdc55865-4377-4caf-a8ed-72f33e9e9ed3.jpg?v=1749807798"},{"product_id":"fumasep-fs9100pk","title":"Fumasep FS-9100-PK","description":"Please note that this product has been discontinued and a limited amount of stock remains.\n\nPlease contact us for availability.\n\nFumasep FS-9100-PK membrane is perfluorinated cation exchange membrane – PK-reinforced with low resistance, high mechanical stability, high selectivity and high chemical \/ oxidative stability.\n\nFumasep FS-9100-PK membrane comes in either a 10cm x 10cm or 20cm x 30cm size sheet.\n\nFumatech membranes are highly sensitive to differences in humidity and moisture content.\n\nTherefore the membranes can vary +\/- 0.5cm from the original cut sizes.\n\nAlso due to this sensitivity the manufacturer expects wrinkles to form, however soaking the membranes in deionized water will return the membranes to the full size planar state according to the manufacturer.\n\nFumasep FS-9100-PK \n\nFeatures:\n \n• \n\nApplications:\n Electrochemical processes requiring cation exchange membranes with high oxidative stability such as water electrolysis, fuel cells, redox-flow batteries etc. \n• Cation Exchange Membrane \n• Thickness (dry): 85 – 100 micrometers (3.3 - 3.9 mil) \n• Sizes: 10cm x 10cm, 20cm x 30cm Fumasep FS-9100-PK \n\nTechnical Specification Sheet\n Delivery: The membrane is trans-illumit, but not fully transparent having color of yellow to beige.\n\nThe membrane is delivered without any backing or protection foil.\n\n\n\nHandling:\n Keep membrane package closed \/ sealed when unused.\n\nStore, handle and process the membrane in a clean and dust-free area.\n\nUse only new and sharp knives or blades, when cutting the membrane.\n\nAlways wear protective gloves when handling the membrane.\n\nHandle with care, be sure not to puncture, crease or scratch the membrane, otherwise leaks will occur.\n\nAll surfaces in contact with the membrane during handling, inspection, storage and mounting must be smooth and free of sharp projections.\n\nMembranes will expand and contract based on water \/ electrolyte content.\n\n\n\nPre-Treatment and Conditioning:\n The membrane is delivered in H-form and activated dry form.\n\nNo further treatment is required.\n\nMembranes will expand and contract based on moisture content.\n\nIf you have any concerns about storage, chemical stability, and pre-treatment please feel free to contact us for further information.\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMembrane Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMembrane\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCation Exchange Membrane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e114 - 124 µm (microns)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppearance \/ Color\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent \/ Colorless\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET Foil\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eH-form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.4 mg•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e93 - 94 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6910 µmol•min-1•cm-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Exchange Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.88 - 0.91 meq•g-1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13 - 14 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUptake in H2O at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 wt %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-Std Modulus (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e205 - 218 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e27 - 31 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield Strength at 23°C \/ 50 % R.H.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElongation to Break (%)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e235 - 277 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBubble Point Test in Water at 25°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 3 bar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Fumatech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54631629881670,"sku":"34010054","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fumasep-fapq-375-pp-product-image-500x500_6f91b445-a530-4392-85e7-59fd16d55408.jpg?v=1749807797"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.thasar.com\/collections\/membranes.oembed?page=7","provider":"Thasar S.r.l.","version":"1.0","type":"link"}