{"title":"Tools for photoelectrochemistry and electrochemistry","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"large-photoelectric-spectrometer-for-static-and-kinetic-quantities-exploration","title":"Large Photoelectric Spectrometer for static and kinetic quantities exploration","description":"\u003cp\u003eLarge Photoelectric Spectrometer is an instrument that combines the Photoelectric Spectrometer functionality with the Intensity Modulated Photocurrent\/Photovoltage Spectroscopy (IMPS\/IMVS), Solar Simulator and Impedance Camera. It is completed with the Light Calibrator accessory that enables light transmission measurements and the on-demand system recalibrations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith this instrument you can apply various measurement techniques to a sample without moving it between different measuring setups. The central part of the system is a Monochromator with two input slits and an additional mirror on the turret. At the first Monochromator entrance, the Xenon Lamp is attached. It provides continuous supply of wavelengths and is a base for a Solar Simulator. The second Monochromator input is occupied with a LED Revolver with 10 LED sources. The LED Revolver provides the light intensity modulation for time scales investigations. The light from the LED Revolver may be directed to the Sample Chamber via the mirror or the grating. Combining the LED Revolver with the grating provides better spectral resolution and wide light intensity modulation range.\u003cbr\u003eThe light source selection and its operation is controlled via software.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQuantities measured by the instrument:\u003cbr\u003e Electric current through the sample at a given bias potential (chronoamperometry, CA),\u003cbr\u003e Open Circuit Potential (OCP) as a function of light wavelength or in dark,\u003cbr\u003ePhotocurrent of the sample illuminated with solar (AM 1.5G) or monochromatic light,\u003cbr\u003eI-V characteristics,\u003cbr\u003eLight transmittance of the sample,\u003cbr\u003eIncident light intensity reaching the sample,\u003cbr\u003eAction maps (photocurrent as a function of potential and wavelength),\u003cbr\u003eIPCE maps as a function of potential and wavelength,\u003cbr\u003eAPCE maps as a function of potential and wavelength (with the Integrating Sphere),\u003cbr\u003eSample reflectance (with the Integrating Sphere),\u003cbr\u003eMinority carriers lifetime (recombination time),\u003cbr\u003eCarrier transport time through the sample,\u003cbr\u003eRate of the charge transfer through the interfaces,\u003cbr\u003eDiffusion constant,\u003cbr\u003eDiffusion length for a given sample thickness,\u003cbr\u003eSample thickness for a given diffusion length,\u003cbr\u003eSelfconsistent Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) spectra,\u003cbr\u003eNon-linear effects: higher harmonics generation, intermodulation (two frequencies in the input result in a third frequency in the output), current rectification (resistance of a sample depends on the current direction ),\u003cbr\u003eOther kinetic quantities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpectrometer module system\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSample Chamber,\u003cbr\u003eMonochromator for UV, VIS and IR light,\u003cbr\u003ePotentiostat for full characterization of electric properties,\u003cbr\u003eXenon Lamp with the controller and water cooling system,\u003cbr\u003eElectrochemical Cuvette with Pt Counter Electrode (CE) and Ag\/AgCl Reference Electrode (RE),\u003cbr\u003eLED Revolver,\u003cbr\u003eImpedance Camera,\u003cbr\u003eFotoGUI software.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg height=\"295\" width=\"374\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/Cattura.jpg?v=1726585406\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInstrument performance may be tailored to custom requirements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eXenon Lamp\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e150 W xenon burner,\u003cbr\u003eWater cooling system,\u003cbr\u003eLow EM emission igniter,\u003cbr\u003eStabilization modes:\u003cbr\u003e– electric current stabilization (distortions \u0026lt; 1%),\u003cbr\u003e– electric power stabilization,\u003cbr\u003e– light intensity stabilization (unique solution to provide constant sample illumination during the experiment),\u003cbr\u003eMaximum radiation intensity on the sample: 35 mW\/cm2\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFilter Wheel\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUp to six filters on the carousel,\u003cbr\u003eTwo edge (long pass) filters provided by default: 400 nm and 510 nm,\u003cbr\u003eAir Mass 1.5G filter,\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePotentiostat\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBias potential range: -5 V ÷ 5 V,\u003cbr\u003eCurrent ranges: 10 nA, 100 nA, 1 µA, 10 µA, 100 µA, 1 mA, 10 mA,\u003cbr\u003eCurrent resolution: from 1 pA to 100 nA (range dependent),\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eController\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaximum sampling rate: 1 kSample\/s,\u003cbr\u003eConnection with PC: via USB 2.0,\u003cbr\u003eTwo photodiode inputs that may be simultaneously handled,\u003cbr\u003eRS485 socket to control devices,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eMonochromator\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTwo input slits for two separated light sources,\u003cbr\u003eAutomated light source selection,\u003cbr\u003eUp to three gratings on the turret,\u003cbr\u003eA mirror and two gratings installed by default: optimized for 300 nm and 500 nm, both with 1200 grooves\/mm,\u003cbr\u003eSpectral range: 200 ÷ 1200 nm (gratings dependent),\u003cbr\u003eAutomated switching of the turret position, operated via software,\u003cbr\u003eMotorized slits, controlled via software,\u003cbr\u003eEntrance and output slit opening range: 0 ÷ 5 mm,\u003cbr\u003eMotorized internal shutter that provides full cut off of the light beam, controlled via software,\u003cbr\u003eMaximum spectral resolution: 0.1 nm (depends on the input and output slits width),\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLED Revolver\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e 10 LED slots,\u003cbr\u003eDefault LED set: 365 nm, 385 nm, 405 nm, 450 nm, 520 nm, 590 nm, 630 nm, 740 nm, 840 nm, white (3000 K),\u003cbr\u003eCustom LED selection available,\u003cbr\u003eTypical electric power of LEDs: 3W,\u003cbr\u003eLight intensity modulation: square, sinusoidal, triangle, sawtooth waveforms with adjustable amplitude and bias light intensity,\u003cbr\u003eLight modulation frequency range: 1 µHz ÷ 10 kHz.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eImpedance Camera\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrequency range: 1 mHz ÷ 1 MHz,\u003cbr\u003eSampling rates: 1.22 kHz ÷ 10 MHz,\u003cbr\u003eCurrent ranges: 1 mA, 100 μA, 10 μA, 1 μA, 100 nA, 10 nA,\u003cbr\u003eCurrent resolution: \u0026lt; 1 pA,\u003cbr\u003eVoltage range: -1 V ÷ 1 V,\u003cbr\u003eVoltage resolution: \u0026lt; 100 μV,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTypical light intensity output of the Large Photoelectric Spectrometer\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe light intensity produced on the sample depends on the wavelength and width of the input and output slits. In the picture, a typical light intensity from the Xenon Lamp and two 1200 gr\/mm gratings: optimized for 300 nm and for 500 nm installed in the Monochromator.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg height=\"330\" width=\"493\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/photoelectric_spectrometer_light_output.png?v=1726585782\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50451211452742,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/LargePhotoelectricSpectrometer.png?v=1726585474"},{"product_id":"electrochemical-kelvin-probe-to-investigate-work-function-of-the-electrochemical-samples","title":"Electrochemical Kelvin Probe To investigate Work Function of the electrochemical samples.","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Electrochemical Kelvin Probe measures CPD (Contact Potential Difference) value and evaluates Work Function of  electrochemical samples in contact with electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeasurements of work function is particularly useful in semiconductor physics because they provide a position of Fermi level in examined material.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Electrochemical Kelvin Probe, when coupled with a light source, measures Surface Photovoltage (SPV) of a sample when dry or wet interface is illuminated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElectrochemical Kelvin Probe comes with a dedicated electro-chemical cuvette. There, a sample is floating on an electrolyte. The Kelvin probe tip approaches the exposed top side of the sample. This way, there is no electrolyte layer of top of the sample that can affect the measured CPD. Still, the bottom side of the sample remains in contact with an electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLight can illuminate either top surface of the sample or bottom sample-electrolyte interface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA possible chemical reaction on the sample-electrolyte interface will affect the measure value of CPD. Also a choice of Reference Electrode (RE) selected for the measurement will offset the CPD.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOptionally, the Electrochemical Kelvin Probe may be equipped with the inert gas flow system to provide neutral environment inside the Faraday’s cage\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ekelvin probe modules\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Electrochemical Kelvin Probe set consists of:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eController unit,\u003cbr\u003eKelvin Probe instrument with the Probe Tip,\u003cbr\u003eElectrochemical cuvette,\u003cbr\u003eFaraday Cage\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/EKP_whole_set.png?v=1726586152\" width=\"441\" height=\"265\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Electrochemical Kelvin Probe instrument is equipped with:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProtective bay to park the Probe Tip after experiment,\u003cbr\u003eLaser pointer to indicate the area directly,\u003cbr\u003eLight source that helps to handle the sample when the instrument is covered with the Faraday Cage,\u003cbr\u003eLaser barrier to precisely detect the Probe Tip distance to the sample,\u003cbr\u003eGolden Probe Tip,\u003cbr\u003eSample holder for the Electrochemical cuvette,\u003cbr\u003eElectrochemical cuvette with the sample placed on top.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg height=\"251\" width=\"345\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/EKP_set_descrip.png?v=1726586260\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eProbe Tip\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe most important part of the Kelvin Probe instrument is the Probe Tip. The probe is fully designed and manufactured by Instytut Fotonowy. The reference electrode is made of Au mesh of 2.5 mm diameter. It provides high signal to noise ratio, even from a distance of 0.5 mm above the sample. Thus, it does not matter if the examined sample surface is rough or polished. The tip oscillations are generated with an electromagnet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/new_Kelvin_Au_tip_discrip_246652cc-eb9b-468c-8722-f0fef4aa23b5.png?v=1726586885\" width=\"480\" height=\"299\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrochemical cuvette\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe key element of the Electrochemical Kelvin Probe is the Electrochemical cuvette set, where the sample is placed directly on the top of the cuvette.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/cuvette_descr-768x519.png?v=1726587018\" width=\"278\" height=\"188\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSample illumination\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough you may use any light source at your disposal to provide sample illumination, it is convenient to opt for our LED Revolver or Xenon Lamp with a Monochromator because FotoGUI software handles them already and carries out automatic experiments with LED switching or wavelength scans\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg height=\"227\" width=\"296\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/kelvin_with_led_79d53901-4a6d-401d-8c21-c0242960e4f3.png?v=1726655226\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLight delivery to the sample\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLight delivery may be performed in two manners: from the top, where a sample’s surface is illuminated and from the bottom where the sample-electrolyte interface is exposed to the radiation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-) From the TOP:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/cuvette_top_descr-768x396.png?v=1726655385\" width=\"283\" height=\"146\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-) From the BOTTOM:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg height=\"144\" width=\"279\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/bottom_cuvette_descr-768x396.png?v=1726655441\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFaraday Cage\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Faraday Cage covers the entire instrument, shielding the setup from the ambient light and electromagnetic fields.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/kelvin_in_faraday_cage_50bca3b8-41f8-4375-be70-696a22ca7a68.png?v=1726655556\" width=\"274\" height=\"285\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGas-tight Faraday Cage with inert gas flow system\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSince measurement of the CPD is often sensitive to environmental factors like temperature, humidity, dust and chemical contaminants, Kelvin Probe may be placed inside the hermetic version of the Faraday Cage filled with the inert gas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/cage_back_20788e84-5e1c-4238-9d94-65ed6b3889c1.jpg?v=1726655710\" width=\"265\" height=\"296\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLaser barrier\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kelvin Probe is equipped with the Laser barrier system. It automatically detects the sample top edge. Each time the probe approaches the sample being examined, an accurate distance between the sample surface and the Probe Tip is measured with 20 µm precision.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/kp_laser_barrier_7bfd4d55-c88a-4ba5-841c-9c2902175ac4.png?v=1726655935\" width=\"320\" height=\"159\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"navigation_title\" id=\"Specifications\" data-slide=\"3\"\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"col-lg-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-xs-12 col2_module jgsameheightcoltable no-padding\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"col-lg-6 col-sm-6 relative col-md-6 col-xs-12 col2_col col2_txtholder\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eGeneral:\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeight: 15 kg,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSize: 40x40x45 cm,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePC connectivity: USB 2.0,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower supply: 230 V, 50 Hz or 115 V, 60 Hz,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeasurement technique: 2-channel lock-in-amplifier,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLaser barrier to automatically detect the substrate and prevent the tip from running into the sample,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAuxiliary sensors: humidity, temperature,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSmall lamp,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLaser pointer for examined point of the surface indication,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSample holders:\u003cbr\u003e– Freely shaped solid state with top contact holder,\u003cbr\u003e– Bottom contact holder,\u003cbr\u003e– Electrochemical holder,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eFaraday Cage:\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard \/ gas-tight with inert gas flow system,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMeasurement unit:\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBias voltage range: -5 ÷ 5 V,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVoltage measurement resolution: 0.15 mV,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent ranges: 300 nA, 30 nA, 3 nA, 300 pA,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"col-lg-6 col-sm-6 col-md-6 col-xs-12 col2_col relative col2_img no-padding\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eProbe Tip:\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProbe Tip type: Au mesh, 2.5 mm in diameter,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTip positioning resolution in vertical axis: 20 µm,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAutomated resonance frequency scanning,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdjustable oscillation amplitude,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAutomated removal of the parasitic current of the tip,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePartial transparency for the light,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTypical CPD measurement distance: 0.2 – 1 mm,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eXY Table:\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMotorized, controlled via software,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSize: 50 x 50 mm,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMovement range: 50 x 50 mm,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eElectrochemical Cuvette\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCuvette types: standard\/bottom optics,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectrode type: Ag\/AgCl or other,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaterial of electrolyte container: PTFE,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSample substrate: Kapton insulating foil with holes or other,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eBottom optics cuvette\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptical fiber: liquid waveguide,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMirror: UV-Enhanced or custom,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptical window: fused silica.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50451223445830,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/packa_view_1-768x576_32b3bf58-242a-41a8-ab35-8fb49d1ff5ef.png?v=1726586370"},{"product_id":"fpc-tdc-spectrofluorometer-first-photon-counting","title":"FPC-TDC Spectrofluorometer first photon counting","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDescription\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument is designed to explore a fluorescence decay of dim samples. Since the typical time scale of the fluorescence phenomenon spans over the range of 10^-8 s, a much faster setup is required to observe such a quick process. The examined sample is excited with the Picosecond Laser pulse. After deexcitation, the system measures the time of flight of a single photon emitted by the sample. Photon flies through the Monochromator and reaches the Photomultiplier. The statistics of the times of flight evaluated for each photon captured, reconstructs the shape of the fluorescence pulse induced in the sample.\u003cbr\u003eA crucial requirement for a proper FPC-TDC Spectrofluorometer performance is a low probability (\u0026lt;10% per pulse) that the photon reaches the detector. Thus, the instrument is peerless in investigating materials with a low fluorescence yield. System is adapted to examine electrochemical samples.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuantities measured by the instrument:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFluorescence time decay in relation to wavelength of light and polarization potential (in case of electro-chemical sample),\u003cbr\u003eEmissive fluorescence spectrum,\u003cbr\u003eI-V characteristics,\u003cbr\u003eOpen Circuit Potential (OCP),\u003cbr\u003eCurrent flowing through the sample.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpectrofluorometer modules\u003cbr\u003eThe system consists of:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSample Chamber,\u003cbr\u003ePicosecond Laser,\u003cbr\u003eMonochromator for UV, VIS and IR range,\u003cbr\u003ePhotomultiplier,\u003cbr\u003ePotentiostat,\u003cbr\u003eElectrochemical Cuvette with platinum electrode and reference Ag\/AgCl electrode,\u003cbr\u003eTime to Digital Converter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/FPC_TDC_modules.png?v=1726656675\" width=\"380\" height=\"227\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSample Chamber Interior\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/FPC_TDC_InsideChamber.png?v=1726656763\" width=\"494\" height=\"177\"\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOptical path of laser beam and fluorescence light from the sample\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/FPC_TDC_Sample_chamber_Beams.png?v=1726656843\" width=\"345\" height=\"256\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecification\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003ePicosecond Laser\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWavelengths: 405 nm, 450-460 nm, 630-640 nm,\u003cbr\u003eHalf width of the pulse duration: 150 ÷ 200 ps,\u003cbr\u003eMaximum pulse repetition frequency: 1MHz,\u003cbr\u003eLight power of a pulse: 60 mW,\u003cbr\u003eTrigger type: TTL up to 1 MHz,\u003cbr\u003ePower supply: 12 VDC,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eMonochromator\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSpectral range: 200 ÷ 1200 nm,\u003cbr\u003eMotorized slits, controlled via software,\u003cbr\u003eEntrance and output slit opening range: 0 ÷ 5 mm,\u003cbr\u003eMotorized internal shutter that provides full cut off of the light beam, controlled via software,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003ePhotomultiplier\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eR4998 Hammamatsu\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Anode to Cathode voltage range: up to 2500 V,\u003cbr\u003e Spectral range: 300 ÷ 650 nm,\u003cbr\u003eTransit time spread (FWHM): 160 ps,\u003cbr\u003eRise time: 0.7 ns.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eTime to Digital Converter\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTime resolution: 27 ps,\u003cbr\u003eMaximum Measurement time: 500 ns,\u003cbr\u003eAdditional Reference channel for laser jitter minimalization,\u003cbr\u003eMaximum impulse rate:\u003cbr\u003e– 500 kHz for 2 channels measurement: sample and reference,\u003cbr\u003e– 1 MHz for 1 channel measurement,\u003cbr\u003eInternal trigger frequency: 1 kHz ÷ 1 MHz),\u003cbr\u003eExternal trigger mode, TTL input,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003ePotentiostat\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBias potential range: -5 V ÷ 5 V,\u003cbr\u003eCurrent ranges: 10 nA, 100 nA, 1 µA, 10 µA, 100 µA, 1 mA, 10 mA,\u003cbr\u003eCurrent resolution: from 1 pA to 100 nA (range dependent),\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eController\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConnection with PC: via USB 2.0,\u003cbr\u003eRS485 socket to control devices,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50454428418374,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/FPC_back-768x480.png?v=1726656547"},{"product_id":"transient-absorption-spectroscopy-to-examine-short-lived-photo-excited-transients","title":"Transient Absorption Spectroscopy to examine short lived photo-excited transients","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDescription\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTransient Absorption Spectrometer, also called Flash Photolysis Spectrometer is dedicated to measure transitions between quantum states in photo-excited sample. TA measurements are applicable to liquid and solid sample types.\u003cbr\u003eThe sample in the ground state is energized to an excited state with an intense laser pulse. The pulse may induce short lived intermediates such as electrons at higher energy levels, radicals or ions.\u003cbr\u003eProcess of deexcitation is monitored by measurement of the Transmittance\/Absorbance of the white light beam going through the sample in case of a liquids and thin films or Reflectance of the sample in case of powders and non transparent bulk samples. The white light beam is produced by the Xenon Lamp.\u003cbr\u003eSolid state samples may be submerged in electrolyte and the potential may be set to a given value during the experiment.\u003cbr\u003eSystem provides functionality that enables measurements of fluorescence and phosphorescence induced with the laser pulse.\u003cbr\u003eExperimental procedures are fully automated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQuantities measured by the instrument:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTransmittance\/Absorbance or Reflectance of the sample in nanosecond time scale,\u003cbr\u003eLaser-induced fluorescence spectrum,\u003cbr\u003eLife time of the photo-excited transients,\u003cbr\u003eLaser beam intensity on the input and the output of the sample chamber,\u003cbr\u003eI-V characteristics of the electrochemical samples.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg height=\"194\" width=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/1mb-1143x514px.png?v=1726666201\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpectrometer modules\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClosed sample chamber.\u003cbr\u003eXenon Lamp with water cooling system and the Pulser.\u003cbr\u003eLaser, typically Nd:YAG with possibility of choosing higher harmonics or even OPO.\u003cbr\u003eMonochromator for UV, VIS and IR spectrum range.\u003cbr\u003eOsciloscope.\u003cbr\u003ePhotomultiplier.\u003cbr\u003eTimer synchronizing all the components of the system.\u003cbr\u003ePotentiostat providing full characteristics of the electro-chemical sample.\u003cbr\u003eElectro-chemical cuvette with platinum electrode and Ag\/AgCl reference.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg height=\"169\" width=\"397\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/TAS_modules.png?v=1726666367\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSample chamber\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSample chamber screens the measurement setup from background diffused light and external electromagnetic fields.  It is equipped with a safety system that disconnects power supply of the Xenon Lamp and laser source after opening the chamber and system of easy and stable installation of several different experimental setups.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInner measurement setups with different optical paths and sample cuvettes may be provided and adjusted to the individual experimental requirements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/TAS_inside_chamber.png?v=1726666474\" width=\"388\" height=\"154\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInstrument performance may be tailored to the certain requirements..\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSample chamber\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSafety system that disconnects the power supply of the Xenon Lamp and the Laser when the chamber is opened,\u003cbr\u003eEasy and stable installation of several different experimental setups with sample cuvettes,\u003cbr\u003eTwo photodiodes: at the chamber entrance and output to measure laser pulse power,\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eXenon Lamp\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e150 W xenon burner,\u003cbr\u003eWater cooling system,\u003cbr\u003eLow EM emission igniter,\u003cbr\u003eLight intensity stabilization mode that provides constant light power of the beam,\u003cbr\u003eDefault beam diameter: 8 mm,\u003cbr\u003eCoupled with a Filter Wheel to modify the probing spectrum,\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eXenon Lamp Pulser\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePulse duration: 2 µs ÷ 2 ms,\u003cbr\u003ePulse current: 8.5 ÷ 595 A.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLaser source\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eQuantel Q-Smart\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLaser type: Nd:YAG with 1064 nm base line,\u003cbr\u003eUp to four Harmonic Generation Modules: 213 nm, 266 nm, 355 nm, 532 nm,\u003cbr\u003eBeam diameter: 5 mm,\u003cbr\u003ePulse duration: 5 ns,\u003cbr\u003eBeam power: 532 nm: 200 mJ, 350 nm: 100 mJ (10 Hz),\u003cbr\u003eAny other laser type or OPO may be used at the sample chamber entrance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFilter Wheels\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUp to 6 filters,\u003cbr\u003eTwo edge (long pass) filters provided by default: 400 nm and 600 nm,\u003cbr\u003eOptional Air Mass Filter installed in the Filter Wheel coupled with the Xenon Lamp,\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePotentiostat\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard or Analog,\u003cbr\u003eStandard Potentiostat (for setting bias potential and slow current measurements):\u003cbr\u003e– Bandwidth:500 Hz,\u003cbr\u003e– Sampling: 1 kHz,\u003cbr\u003e– Current resolution: from 1 pA to 100 nA (range dependent),\u003cbr\u003eAnalog Potentiostat (for fast photocurrent measurement and fixed bias potentials):\u003cbr\u003e– Bandwidth:500 Hz,\u003cbr\u003e– Bias current compensation,\u003cbr\u003e– Measurement ranges: 10 mA\/V; 1 mA\/V; 100 μA\/V; 10 μA\/V; 1 μA\/V; 100 μA\/V,\u003cbr\u003eBias potential range: -5 V ÷ 5 V,\u003cbr\u003eTwo- or three-electrodes configuration,\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem\u003ehotomultiplier\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eR928P Hammamatsu\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnode to Cathode voltage range: 500 ÷ 1200 V,\u003cbr\u003eSpectral range: 160 ÷ 900 nm,\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTimer\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTime resulution: 50 us,\u003cbr\u003eTrigger frequency: adjustable to match the laser pulse rate, via software,\u003cbr\u003eControls the experiment timing and synchronization of: Laser pulse, oscilloscope, input and output shutters, Potentiostat,\u003cbr\u003eOperated via software,\u003cbr\u003eTwo input channels to measure laser pulse power,\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOscilloscope\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePicoScope 6403E\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBandwidth: 300 MHz,\u003cbr\u003eSampling rate: 5GSample\/s,\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50454883369286,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/TAS.png?v=1726666069"},{"product_id":"photoelectric-spectrometer-for-quantum-efficiency-measurements","title":"Photoelectric Spectrometer for quantum efficiency measurements","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhotoelectric Spectrometer serves as a scientific tool to automatically characterize photoelectric properties of samples illuminated with relatively strong UV, VIS and NIR light as a function of incident wavelength. Advanced software allows to record photocurrent action maps, photovoltage action maps along with potentiodynamic and galvanodynamic measurements at constant wavelength, both in CW and pulsed mode. Incident Photon to Converted Electron (IPCE) and, if Integrating Sphere available, Absorbed Photon to Converted Electron (APCE) ratio may be evaluated as a function of wavelength and bias potential. The emitted light wavelength, intensity and edge filters handling are controlled via software. The Monochromator is equipped with up to four switchable gratings to uniformly cover wide range of wavelengths. The Air Mass Filter may be applied at the Xenon Lamp output to mimic the solar radiation. The instrument is ready to be coupled with the Kelvin Probe and other devices.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuantities measured by the instrument:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElectric current of the sample (chronoamperometry, CA),\u003cbr\u003eOpen Circuit Potential (OCP) as a function of light wavelength,\u003cbr\u003ePhotocurrent of the sample illuminated with white or monochromatic light,\u003cbr\u003eI-V characteristics,\u003cbr\u003eLight transmittance of the sample (with the Light Calibrator),\u003cbr\u003eLight intensity reaching the sample (with the Light Calibrator),\u003cbr\u003eAction maps (photocurrent as a function of potential and wavelength),\u003cbr\u003eIPCE maps as a function of potential and wavelength,\u003cbr\u003eAPCE maps as a function of potential and wavelength (with the Integrating Sphere),\u003cbr\u003eSample reflectance (with the Integrating Sphere).\u003cbr\u003eSpectrometer module system\u003cbr\u003eSample Chamber,\u003cbr\u003eMonochromator for UV, VIS and IR light,\u003cbr\u003ePotentiostat for full characterisation of electric properties,\u003cbr\u003eXenon Lamp with the controller and water cooling system,\u003cbr\u003eElectrochemical Cuvette with Pt working electrode (WE) and Ag\/AgCl reference electrode (RE),\u003cbr\u003eFotoGUI software.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg height=\"250\" width=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/catt1.jpg?v=1726667307\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInside the Sample Chamber\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/PhotoelectricSpectrometerInsideChamber.png?v=1726667398\" width=\"338\" height=\"229\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg height=\"163\" width=\"323\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/inside_chamber_with_sphere_with-descr.png?v=1726667441\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInstrument performance may be tailored to the certain requirements..\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eXenon Lamp\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e150 W xenon burner,\u003cbr\u003eWater cooling system,\u003cbr\u003eLow EM emission igniter,\u003cbr\u003eStabilization modes:\u003cbr\u003e– electric current stabilization (distortions \u0026lt; 1%),\u003cbr\u003e– electric power stabilization,\u003cbr\u003e– light intensity stabilization (unique solution to provide constant sample illumination during the experiment),\u003cbr\u003eMaximum radiation intensity on the sample: 35 mW\/cm2\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFilter Wheel\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUp to six filters on the carousel,\u003cbr\u003eTwo edge (long pass) filters provided by default: 400 nm and 510 nm,\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMonochromator\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpectral range: 200 ÷ 1200 nm (gratings dependent),\u003cbr\u003eUp to four gratings on the turret,\u003cbr\u003eAutomated switching of the turret position, operated via software,\u003cbr\u003eMotorized slits, controlled via software,\u003cbr\u003eEntrance and output slit opening range: 0 ÷ 5 mm,\u003cbr\u003eMotorized internal shutter that provides full cut off of the light beam, controlled via software,\u003cbr\u003eMaximum spectral resolution: 0.1 nm (depends on the input and output slits width),\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePotentiostat\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBias potential range: -5 V ÷ 5 V,\u003cbr\u003eCurrent ranges: 10 nA, 100 nA, 1 µA, 10 µA, 100 µA, 1 mA, 10 mA,\u003cbr\u003eCurrent resolution: from 1 pA to 100 nA (range dependent),\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eController\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaximum sampling rate: 1 kSample\/s,\u003cbr\u003eConnection with PC: via USB 2.0,\u003cbr\u003eTwo photodiode inputs that may be simultaneously handled,\u003cbr\u003eRS485 socket to control devices,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTypical light intensity output of the Photoelectric Spectrometer\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe light intensity produced on the sample depends on the wavelength and width of the input and output slits. In the picture, a typical light intensity from the Xenon Lamp and two 1200 gr\/mm gratings: optimized for 300 nm and for 500 nm installed in the Monochromator.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/photoelectric_spectrometer_light_output.png?v=1726585782\" width=\"391\" height=\"262\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50454948970822,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fotelectri_spectrometer_front.png?v=1726667171"},{"product_id":"mini-photoelectric-spectrometer-for-photoelectric-properties-examination","title":"Mini Photoelectric Spectrometer for photoelectric properties examination","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMini Photoelectric Spectrometer setup allows to apply various measurement techniques: chronoamperometry, voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry and the light intensity modulated photocurrent\/photovoltage. Those techniques enables to examine the photoelectric dynamics of the sample. Samples may be investigated using two- or three-electrodes configuration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuantities measured by the instrument:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI-V characteristics of a sample under illumination,\u003cbr\u003eOpen Circuit Potential (OCP) as a function of light wavelength,\u003cbr\u003ePhotocurrent as a function of light intensity,\u003cbr\u003eIPCE or EQE at wavelengths provided by the LED Revolver,\u003cbr\u003eSurface Photovoltage (SPV),\u003cbr\u003eSpace Charge Region capacitance if a super-bandgap wavelength LED is present in the LED Revolver.\u003cbr\u003eMeasurement techniques:\u003cbr\u003eChronoamperometry,\u003cbr\u003eVoltammetry,\u003cbr\u003eCyclic voltammetry,\u003cbr\u003eChopped illuminance and more\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/mini_photoelectric_spectrometer_2_up2.png?v=1726668013\" width=\"339\" height=\"227\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLED Revolver\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10 LED slots,\u003cbr\u003eDefault LED set: 365 nm, 385 nm, 405 nm, 450 nm, 520 nm, 590 nm, 630 nm, 740 nm, 840 nm, white (3000 K),\u003cbr\u003eCustom LED selection available,\u003cbr\u003eTypical electric power of LEDs: 3W,\u003cbr\u003eLight intensity modulation: square, sinusoidal, triangle or ramp waveform with adjustable amplitude and bias light intensity,\u003cbr\u003eLight modulation frequency range: 1 µHz ÷ 10 kHz,\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePotentiostat\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBias potential range: -5 V ÷ 5 V,\u003cbr\u003eCurrent ranges: 10 nA, 100 nA, 1 µA, 10 µA, 100 µA, 1 mA, 10 mA,\u003cbr\u003eCurrent resolution: from 1 pA to 100 nA (range dependent),\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eController\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaximum sampling rate: 1 kSample\/s,\u003cbr\u003eConnection with PC: via USB 2.0,\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrochemical cuvette\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdapted for transparent and opaque samples,\u003cbr\u003eSample may be illuminated through the electrolyte or through the rear optical window,\u003cbr\u003ePTFE container for electrolyte,\u003cbr\u003eReference electrode: Ag\/AgCl,\u003cbr\u003eCounter electrode: Pt.\u003cbr\u003eThe instrument may be extended with the Sample Chamber to screen the ambient light and electromagnetic fields.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50454976594246,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/mini_photoelectric_spectrometer_1.png?v=1726667921"},{"product_id":"sample-chamber-for-em-and-ambient-light-protection","title":"Sample Chamber for EM and ambient light protection","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Sample Chamber helps in sensitive measurements by protecting a sample from external EM fields and ambient light. It also helps keeping optics clean.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn photoelectrochemical measurement where electric currents smaller that 10 nA are to be recorder, the Sample Chamber forms a Faraday cage and reduces EM noise below pA levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSimilarly when small light intensity are measured, as with reflected light and an integrating sphere, influence of ambient light would swamp the actual signal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe connector port on the side of the chamber allows a potentiostat to be mounted directly to the chamber without any cables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsually the chamber is used with a monochromator of photoelectric spectrometer. It can also be used with mini photoelectric spectrometers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Sample Chamber is equipped with the BNC sockets that allows to measure electrochemical samples with the Potentiostat assembled outside the chamber.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInternal dimensions: 30 cm x 30 cm x 18 cm;\u003cbr\u003eNumber of side ports: 4\u003cbr\u003eDiameter of side ports: 25 mm (1″)\u003cbr\u003eFloor: aluminum breadboard for easy optics attaching.\u003cbr\u003eStandard connector: for potentiostat, filter wheel and photodiodes\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50455007199558,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/sample_chamber.png?v=1726668622"},{"product_id":"integrating-sphere-for-uv-vis-and-nir","title":"Integrating sphere For UV, Vis and NIR","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntegrating spheres are used for precise measurements of light reflected, transmitted or emitted by a sample.\u003cbr\u003eIt can be used as an extension to our photoelectric spectrometer .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt has three ports: input, sample i detection port.\u003cbr\u003eOur integrating sphere has a modular design, so it can be easily adjusted to various measurement requirements.\u003cbr\u003eIt can be mounted to a Thorlabs’ cage system, to a bread board or an optical table.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"navigation_title\" id=\"specifications\" data-slide=\"2\"\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"col-lg-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-xs-12 col2_module jgsameheightcoltable no-padding\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"col-lg-6 col-sm-6 relative col-md-6 col-xs-12 col2_col col2_txtholder\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating sphere diameter: 76.2 mm (3 in)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput port diameter: 13.6 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSample port diameter: 13.6 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetection port diameter: 6 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"col-lg-6 col-sm-6 col-md-6 col-xs-12 col2_col relative col2_img no-padding\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCoating type: barium sulfate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReflectance: \u0026gt; 97% in 350-850 nm,\u003cbr\u003e\u0026gt; 92% in 250-1300 nm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSphere multiplier: 30.5 @ 550 nm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCompatible with 30 mm cage system from Thorlabs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50455011787078,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/Integrating_sphere_1.png?v=1726668873"},{"product_id":"universal-cuvette-for-transparent-and-opaque-samples","title":"Universal cuvette For transparent and opaque samples","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe universal cuvette is designed for photoelectrochemical measurements. Both, transparent and opaque samples can be inserted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe working electrode can be illuminated from the sample (back window) or from the substrate side (front window).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe cuvette cap has mounting holes for a reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode. It also has to ventilation apertures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"navigation_title\" id=\"specifications\" data-slide=\"2\"\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"col-lg-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-xs-12 col2_module jgsameheightcoltable no-padding\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"col-lg-6 col-sm-6 relative col-md-6 col-xs-12 col2_col col2_txtholder\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eType: For transparent and opaque samples\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaterial: PTFE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVolume: about 10 ml\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNumber of windows: 2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWindows type: fused silica\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"col-lg-6 col-sm-6 col-md-6 col-xs-12 col2_col relative col2_img no-padding\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn (front) port diameter: 12 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOut (back) port diameter: 6 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHolder type: cage 30 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNumber of seals: 4\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50455024009542,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/universal_cuvette_with_electrodes_1.png?v=1726669091"},{"product_id":"light-calibrator-radiometer-and-photometer","title":"Light Calibrator Radiometer and photometer","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Light Calibrator may be widely used in the laboratories where light from UV to IR range is applied in the experiments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Light Calibrator may serve to:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eevaluate the total light power reaching the sample placed in the electrochemical cell assembled to the holder in the sample chamber.\u003cbr\u003eThe Light Calibrator solves the problem of the precise measurement of the number of photons with a specific wavelength reaching the sample and the number of photons that are transmitted through the sample in the experiments performed with the Photoelectric Spectrometer.  The IPCE (Incident Photon to Converted Electrons ratio) may be precisely evaluated,\u003cbr\u003ecalibrate the light power of the LED source used in the  Microfedometer,\u003cbr\u003ecalibrate the light power on the sample in any experimental  setup,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/light_calibrator_set.png?v=1726669369\" width=\"408\" height=\"238\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/Cattura2.jpg?v=1726669442\" width=\"436\" height=\"152\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003enumber of channels: 1\u003cbr\u003espectral range: 200 – 1100 nm\u003cbr\u003ewavelength resolution step: 10 nm\u003cbr\u003esensor size: 10 mm x 10 mm\u003cbr\u003ebroadband measurements: white LED, Xenon light, sun light\u003cbr\u003enumber of output electric current ranges: 5\u003cbr\u003emaximum value of output electric current: 20 mA\u003cbr\u003epower supply: USB socket\u003cbr\u003ePC connection: serial (USB)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50455039017286,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/light_kalibrator.png?v=1726669468"},{"product_id":"potentiostat-for-electric-and-photoelectric-characterization-of-samples","title":"Potentiostat for electric and photoelectric characterization of samples","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePotentiostat is an universal, experimental device that allows to apply various measurement techniques. Device may be used in two and three electrodes setup and can handle up to two external photodiodes. The instrument is capable of measuring currents down to 1 pA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe device may serve also as a Controller for multiple other instruments from Instytut Fotonowy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTechniques and quantities measured by the instrument:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElectric current of the sample,\u003cbr\u003eChronoamperometry (CA),\u003cbr\u003ePhotocurrent of the sample illuminated with white or monochromatic light,\u003cbr\u003e Open Circuit Potential (OCP),\u003cbr\u003e Cyclic voltammetry (CV),\u003cbr\u003e I-V characteristics,\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePotentiostat\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBias potential range: -5 V ÷ 5 V,\u003cbr\u003eCurrent ranges: 10 nA, 100 nA, 1 µA, 10 µA, 100 µA, 1 mA, 10 mA,\u003cbr\u003eCurrent resolution: from 1 pA to 100 nA (range dependent),\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eController\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaximum sampling rate: 1 kSample\/s,\u003cbr\u003eConnection with PC: via USB 2.0,\u003cbr\u003ePower supply: via USB connection,\u003cbr\u003eTwo photodiode inputs that may be simultaneously handled,\u003cbr\u003eRS485 socket to control devices,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/Cattura3.jpg?v=1726669932\" width=\"353\" height=\"334\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50455049503046,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/Potentiostat_IF.png?v=1726669745"},{"product_id":"potentiostat-cables-we-re-and-ce","title":"Potentiostat cables WE, RE and CE","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSet of three cables for a potentiostat or a sample chamber. They connect a device with a working, reference and counter electrodes.\u003cbr\u003eConnector type: BNC\u003cbr\u003eLength: 30 cm\u003cbr\u003eNumber of cables: 3 (red, black and blue)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/potentiostat_cables.png?v=1726670138\" width=\"356\" height=\"160\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/potentiostat_cables_col.png?v=1726670097\" width=\"215\" height=\"276\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50455070671174,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/potentiostat_cables_col.png?v=1726670097"},{"product_id":"cuvette-window-fused-silica","title":"Cuvette window Fused silica","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe fused silica window for the universal electrochemical cuvette.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is transparent in UV, visible and NIR ranges.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaterial: fused silica\u003cbr\u003eDiameter: 20 mm\u003cbr\u003eThickness: 1 mm\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50455072833862,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/fused_silica_window.png?v=1726670251"},{"product_id":"platinum-electrode-auxiliary-pt-electrode","title":"Platinum electrode Auxiliary Pt electrode","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlatinum electrode is used as an auxiliary electrode in electrochemical measurements.\u003cbr\u003eIt is designed to fit in our universal photoelectrochemical cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bottom part of the electrode is flat, so the capacitance of the electrolyte-electrode layer is possibly large. That helps to separate that capacitance from other capacitances connected in series, like a capacitance of working electrode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eType: Pt\u003cbr\u003eDiameter: 1 mm\u003cbr\u003eSubmersible height: 42 mm\u003cbr\u003ejTotal height: 65 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/axiliary_electrode_in_cap.png?v=1726670379\" width=\"326\" height=\"226\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50455078109510,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/axiliary_electrode_in_cap.png?v=1726670379"},{"product_id":"silver-chloride-reference-electrode-ag-agcl","title":"Silver chloride reference electrode Ag\/AgCl","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree-electrode measurement require a reference electrode.  Such measurement are performed by photoelectric spectrometers and mini photoelectric spectrometers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn  Ag\/AgCl electrode is best suited for electrolytes in water solutions. It is designed to fit into our universal electrochemical cuvettes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eType: Ag\/AgCl\u003cbr\u003eDiameter: 6 mm\u003cbr\u003eSubmersible height: 42 mm\u003cbr\u003eTotal hight: 55 mm\u003cbr\u003eStandard potential (with respect to SHE): +222 mV ± 13 mV\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/reference_electrode_no_cup.png?v=1726670650\" width=\"290\" height=\"175\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50455083385158,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/reference_electrode_no_cup.png?v=1726670650"},{"product_id":"silver-chloride-reference-electrode-ag-agcl-1","title":"Silver chloride reference electrode Ag\/AgCl","description":"\u003cp\u003eDescription\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree-electrode measurement require a reference electrode.  Such measurement are performed by photoelectric spectrometers and mini photoelectric spectrometers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn  Ag\/AgCl electrode is best suited for electrolytes in water solutions. It is designed to fit into our universal electrochemical cuvettes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecifications\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eType: Ag\/AgCl\u003cbr\u003eDiameter: 6 mm\u003cbr\u003eSubmersible height: 42 mm\u003cbr\u003eTotal hight: 55 mm\u003cbr\u003eStandard potential (with respect to SHE): +222 mV ± 13 mV\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg height=\"194\" width=\"322\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/reference_electrode_no_cup_0a67ac77-3bf3-42da-9b8d-53ee0bcc1619.png?v=1726670810\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50455087022406,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/reference_electrode_no_cup_0a67ac77-3bf3-42da-9b8d-53ee0bcc1619.png?v=1726670810"},{"product_id":"cell-holder-for-white-light-output-electrochemical-cell-holder-for-white-light-output-of-photoelectric-spectrometer","title":"Cell holder for white light output Electrochemical cell holder for white light output of photoelectric spectrometer.","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eType cage 30 mm holder for photoelectric spectrometer’s whith light output. It is compatible with our electrochemical cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHolder: type “cage” 30 mm,\u003cbr\u003eMaximal length: 40.64 mm (16 in),\u003cbr\u003eExtensions: lenses, light intensity monitor, optical filters 1″\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/Cattura4.jpg?v=1726671123\" width=\"347\" height=\"314\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50455097377094,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/white_light_holder_1.png?v=1726670965"},{"product_id":"dummy-cell-a-reference-cell-for-photoelectric-spectrometer-testing","title":"Dummy cell A reference cell for photoelectric spectrometer testing.","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDummy cell for testing of photoelectric spectrometer. It has two sets of connectors: resistive with 1 MΩ resistor for potentiostat ranges and calibration tests and photosensitive for photocurrent tests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe cell lets the user test whether the measuring system is set up correctly and if all the parts function in a desired manner.\u003cbr\u003eUsing voltamperometric measurement on the resistive section one should see the straight line of Ohm’s law with the electric potentials and currents corresponding to the MΩ resistance.\u003cbr\u003eTesting I vs. λ with the light sensitive section one should recover a Si action map.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVoltage range: -5 V … 5 V,\u003cbr\u003eSpectral range: 200 nm … 1100 nm,\u003cbr\u003eHolder: type “cage” 30 mm,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg height=\"133\" width=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/dummy_cell_1.png?v=1726671285\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50455123525958,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/dummy_cell_1.png?v=1726671285"},{"product_id":"electrochemical-cell-for-transparent-samples-we-usually-modify-this-design-to-a-particular-experimental-requirements","title":"Electrochemical cell for transparent samples We usually modify this design to a particular experimental requirements.","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe cell is used for electrochemical measurement of samples on a transparent substrate. A sample is placed under the fused silica window, with substrate facing the window, so it has contact with electrolyte inside the cell. Four identical holes around the window holder are compatible with cage system from Thorlabs. They can be used to mount the cell to light sources like a photoelectric spectrometer in such a way so the light penetrates the substrate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecification\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA typical cell has the following properties:\u003cbr\u003eExternal size: 63 x 42 x 42 mm (l x w x h)\u003cbr\u003eWindow diameter: 8 mm\u003cbr\u003eWindow material: fused silica\u003cbr\u003eMax. number of electrodes: 4\u003cbr\u003eWe usually modify this design to a particular experimental requirements\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg height=\"116\" width=\"258\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/kuweta_dla_probek-przezroczystych.png?v=1726671736\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Instytut Fotonowy","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50455150985542,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0533\/5600\/3482\/files\/kuweta_dla_probek-przezroczystych.png?v=1726671736"},{"product_id":"quartz-window-glass","title":"Fused quartz window glass - JGS3 25\/25\/1 mm","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis optical grade fused quartz window (JGS3) combines excellent physical properties with outstanding optical characteristics. 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